2
Purines
what are adenine and guanine?
string of amino acids joined through peptide bonds
what is a polypeptide?
a virus that infects bacteria
what is a bacteriophage?
cross of an individual unknown/ambiguous genotype with a recessive homozygous individual
What is a testcross?
group of 3 mRNA bases signifying one amino acid
what is a codon
Pyrimidines
what are Cytosine and Thymine (uracil)?
the array of chromosomes in a given cell
what is a karyotype?
structures at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes
what are telomeres?
short sequence of bases where unwinding of DNA double helix for replication begins
what is an origin?
AUG in specific context
what is a initiation codon?
heterozygote resembles both homozygote
what is codominance?
microtubule organizing centers at spindle poles
what is a centrosome?
enzymes involved in controlling DNA supercoiling
WHAT are topoisomerases?
pairing of homologous chromosomes
what is a synapsis
sequence of base pairs within a gene represented by bases in mature mRNA
what is an extron?
one gene affects more than one trait
site of closest connection between sister chromatids
what is a centromere?
genes on the same chromosome
what are syntenic genes
strand synthesized discontinuously during replication
what is the lagging strand
circular DNA that can be exchanged between bacteria
what is a plasmid
alleles of one gene mask the affects of alleles of another gene
what is epistasis?
structure formed at the spot where crossing-over occurs between homologs
what is a chiasma?
one crossover along a chromosome makes a second nearby crossover less likely
what is interference?
animal cell containing more than one nucleus
what is a syncytium?
Steps of PCR
-denaturation
-annealing
-DNA synthesis
-extension
-REPEAT