Chapter 14
The person who discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas
What is Gregor Mendel?
a Y-shaped region where new DNA strands are elongating
What is the replication fork?
Codon
What are the triplet codes found in mRNA?
Polymerase chain reaction
What is PCR?
distinguish between an organism's physical appearance
What is phenotype?
joins DNA (Okazaki) fragments together
What is the function of DNA ligase?
Transcription and translation
What are the steps of protein synthesis?
three steps of PCR
What is denaturation, annealing, and extension
occurs when phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical
What is complete dominance?
unzips DNA
What is the function of helicase?
Central dogma
What is the concept that cells are governed by a cellular chain of command: DNA -> RNA -> protein
the two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
What is the law of segregation?
relieves the strain from the twisting of the double helix
What is the function of topoisomerase?
RNA processing
What is the stage where both ends of the primary transcript are altered?
Traits that depend on multiple genes combined with environmental influences
What is multifactorial?
Watson and Crickâs semiconservative
What is the model of replication where each daughter molecule has one old strand and one newly made strand?
rRNA
What are ribosomes made of? (Excluding proteins)