The Cell Cycle
The phase of the cell cycle cells spend most of their time (90%) in.
Interphase.
These types of cells are our "body" cells. Ex: neurons, skin cells, muscle cells, etc.
Somatic Cells
What is the product of Mitosis?
(HINT: Need to state whether cells are identical or different, and how many cells are produced)
Two identical daughter cells.
What is the end product of Meiosis?
(HINT: Need to state whether cells are identical or different, and how many cells are produced)
Four genetically distinct gametes.
In this phase chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
Metaphase
If a cell is not in Interphase, what phase is it in?
M phase or Mitosis.
This is the condensed version of DNA.
Chromosomes.
This structure attaches to chromosomes to pull them apart.
Spindle fibers.
The resulting cells end up with ________ the normal number of chromosomes.
Half.
This phase is when DNA condenses into chromosomes. The nuclear membrane begins to break down. And spindle fibers begin to form.
Prophase.
What happens during S phase?
DNA Replication.
This is the part of the chromosome that connects the sister chromatids together. This is also where the spindle fibers attach during cell division.
Centromere.
What is the correct order of the mitosis phases?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, (Cytokinesis)
What happens in Prophase I of Meiosis that causes genes to be swapped between homologous chromosomes, causing variation.
Crossing Over.
Crossing over has already happened, and chromosome pairs are in the middle.
Metaphase I
This phase is when the cell is growing and duplicating its organelles.
G1
What is the name for pairs of matching chromosomes, one from each parent, that are similar sizes and have similar genes?
Homologous Chromosomes
Why do our cells divide? (3 reasons)
1. Growth
2. Repair
3. Reproduction
Why does meiosis produce 4 cells instead of 2?
There are two rounds of cell divisions.
Cell membrane splits, and two new cells are formed.
Cytokinesis
When a cell is in a non-dividing state, they are likely in...
G0
Why do we want our gametes to be haploid?
So when the two gametes come together there is the correct number of chromosomes.
A mouse's somatic cells have 20 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each mice cell have after going through mitosis?
20
A beaver has 40 chromosomes in their somatic cells. How many chromosomes are in their gametes?
20
In this phase homologous pairs are pulled apart and move to opposite sides.
Anaphase I