Historical overview
When did Dutch Formosa start and end?
1624-1662
What are 'Four Books' and 'Five Classics' ?
´Four Books:´Great Learning (大學)´Doctrine of Mean (中庸)´Analects (論語)´Mencius (孟子)
´Five Classics:´Classic of Poetry (詩經)´Book of Documents (書經)´Book of Rites (禮記)´I Ching (Book of Changes) (易經)´Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋)
Who are the Taoist philosophers? What are their classic works?
´Laozi, Li Dan (老子, 李聃):Daodejing (道德經)
´Zhuangzi, Zhou Zhuang (莊子, 周莊): ´Zhuangzi
Which Buddhist school is popular in East Asia and Taiwan?
Mahayana (大乘佛教)
When is the Ghost Month” in Taiwan?
The 7th month on Lunar Calendar
Which two groups were in conflict between Chinese immigrants in Taiwan during Qing Rule (1683-1895)?
Hakka and Hokkien people
Based on Confucianism, how to rule?
•Promote great virtue to the entire world
•Govern a state
•Harmonize one’s clan
•Cultivate self
What are Three Treasures?
gentleness; economy(frugality); shrinking from taking precedence of others
Please tell me two Buddhist scriptures
´Chinese Buddhist canon (大藏經)
´Sutra of the Great Virtue of Wisdom (摩訶般若波羅蜜經)
´Also called The Heart Sutra 心經
What is ´Ki-tông (乩童) or tâng-ki?
´A spirit medium "divining youth”
´The tâng-ki is a man whose natural life is thought to be short, and who has been granted an extension, as it were, in order that he may serve his god
What was “Tuntian” system during Kingdom of Tungning (1662-1683)?
A type of frontier "military-agricultural colonies" over the history of China. Troops were sent to harsh landscapes at the Chinese frontier to turn uncultivated land into self-sustained, agrarian settler colonies. In other words, the soldiers acted as farmers.
´What is the different between the noble man and virtueless man?
The noble person in Confucianism embodies virtues like kindness, righteousness, and wisdom, prioritizing ethical behavior and contributing to society. In contrast, the virtueless person lacks moral integrity, focusing on self-interest and often engaging in deceitful or harmful behavior.
What kind of country and what kind of population does Lao Tzu advocate? Why?
Small country and population
What is the three sufferings of Dukkha in Buddhism?
´Suffering of pain 苦苦
´Suffering of change 壞苦
´Pervasive suffering (Suffering of condition) 行苦
Why do scholars argue that Taiwanese Folk Religion is “utilitarianism?”
because of its practical orientation, adaptability, focus on community support, and perceived efficacy in addressing the practical needs and concerns of believers
What was Baojia system during the Early Years of the Colonization of Japan (1895-1915)?
a community-based policing and mutual aid system where neighborhoods were organized into small groups, each led by a leader responsible for maintaining order and providing social support within the community.
Please elaborate the relationship between “Ren” (humaneness) and social harmony.
n Confucianism, "Ren" (humaneness) emphasizes kindness, empathy, and respect for others.
Please explain “Wu-Wei” in few sentences.
´taking no action that is not in accord with the natural course of the universe
´acting without excessive effort
What is the relationship between Karma and Samsara?
Karma influences the course of one's journey through Samsara. Positive Karma can lead to favorable rebirths and experiences, while negative Karma results in suffering and obstacles within the cycle of Samsara.
Which god is worshipped by Chuan people?
Baosheng Dadi (保生大帝)
What are the three periods in colonization of Japan (1895-1945)? Please introduce them.
´Early years (1895-1915)
´Dōka: Integration (1915-1937)
´Kōminka: Subjects of the Emperor (1937–1945)
Please elaborate the 智 (Zhi) under the context of Confucianism.
´智 (Zhi): knowledge, wisdom
What are Major themes in Zhaungzi?
´Relative magnitudes in time and space
´The emptiness of words
´The imperative of self-preservation
´The non-distinction between life and death
What are six classes of beings?
1. hell beings - anger 地獄道：瞋恨
2. hungry ghosts, or pretas -miserliness 餓鬼道：慳吝
3. animals - stupidity 畜牲道：愚癡
4. human beings - desire 人道：貪愛
5. demi-gods, or asuras - jealousy 阿修羅 (非天)： 忌妒
6. gods - pride 天道：傲慢
What are the meanings of different combination of “Poe?
siūn-poe (聖盃): sacred poe, three positive falls
im-poe (陰盃): negative poe
chhìo-poe (笑盃): laughing poe