IMF
Every molecule experiences this intermolecular force.
What are London dispersion forces?
This point represents solid, liquid, and gas existing in equilibrium.
What is the triple point?
The change of a substance directly from a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid.
What is sublimation?
This is the temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the external pressure.
What is the boiling point?
This IMF occurs between polar molecules.
What are dipole-dipole forces?
The line separating the liquid and gas regions represents these two opposite phase changes.
What are vaporization and condensation?
The pressure exerted by a vapor when it is in equilibrium with its liquid phase.
What is equilibrium vapor pressure?
Stronger attractions between particles generally require more energy to overcome and therefore tend to produce this change in ______ _____.
What is melting point?
Hydrogen must be directly bonded to one of these three atoms for hydrogen bonding.
What are nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine?
Below this pressure point, a substance cannot exist as a liquid.
What is the triple-point pressure?
The intermolecular attraction between the partially positive end of one polar molecule and the partially negative end of another.
What is a dipole-dipole force?
CH₄, CH₃Cl, and CH₃OH are compared. This substance is expected to have the highest boiling point because it exhibits hydrogen bonding.
What is CH₃OH?
Stronger intermolecular forces cause vapor pressure to do this.
What is decrease?
Water's solid-liquid boundary has this unusual type of slope.
What is a negative slope?
The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied, regardless of the pressure applied.
What is the critical temperature?
Two substances have similar molecular masses, but one forms hydrogen bonds and the other has only dipole–dipole forces. This substance will generally have the higher melting point.
What is hydrogen bonding?
Rank CH₄, CH₃Cl, and CH₃OH from weakest to strongest IMF.
What is CH₄ < CH₃Cl < CH₃OH?
Above the critical temperature, a gas cannot undergo this process regardless of pressure.
What is liquefaction/condensation?
A substance that exists above its critical temperature and critical pressure, where the liquid and gas phases are indistinguishable.
What is a supercritical fluid?
CH₃CH₂OH and CH₃OCH₃ have the same molecular formula, C₂H₆O, but CH₃CH₂OH has a much higher boiling point. Explain why.
What is ethanol can form hydrogen bonds between its molecules, while dimethyl ether cannot?