Carbs
The monomers of carbohydrates are called
monosaccharides
The category of lipids that form the largest component of cell membranes are
phospholipids
If a compound only contains one type of atom, for example molecular oxygen, would you expect that compound to be polar or nonpolar?
Nonpolar, as the only atoms involved have identical electronegativity.
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
And if it is should be present in the body
6, 12, yes
True or False: a pH indicator always tells the chemist what the specific numerical pH of the substance being tested is.
False.
Some indicators only tell you a range, is in the pH is higher or lower than a certain number.
What process joins two simple sugars and removes a water molecule?
dehydration synthesis
What major category of lipids contains a backbone of four fused rings?
Name one chemical that resides in this category
steroids,
testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone, cholesterol, etc.
Acetylene, C2H2, is a symmetrical linear molecule. Would you expect it to be polar or nonpolar? Why?
The electronegativity difference between C and H is only 0.4, and the linear nature of the molecule lends itself to being nonpolar.
For Chlorine, tell me
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
Should it be in the body?
17, 35.45, yes
The transition range for Methyl Orange is 3.2 - 4.4. The color transition is from Red to Yellow.
Why is it called Methyl Orange?
Because it is Orange within the transition range of 3.2-4.4.
What sugar is located in RNA?
Ribose
Something that is lipophilic will be hydrophilic. True or False.
False
Lipids are hydrophobic (nonpolar). Something lipophilic will be nonpolar and therefore hydrophobic.
Would you expect SnF4 to be covalent or ionic? Why?
Ionic, 1.8 vs. 4 electronegativity
For Cadmium, tell me
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass,
Should it be in the body?
48, 112.4, no
The color transition for litmus is from red to blue. What color would litmus be in the presence of concentrated hydrochloric acid?
red
Amylose and amylopectin are components of ______. Humans can / cannot digest this compound.
starch, humans can digest (for example amylase in saliva breaks down amylose)
3
Would you expect HCl to be soluble in water? Why?
Polar, electronegativity difference is 0.9 (2.1 vs. 3), like dissolves like so soluble as water is polar.
For Aluminum, tell me
Atomic Mass, Should it be in the body?, what does it do in the body?
27, Chronic accumulation is linked to neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, dementia), weakened bones (osteoporosis), and reduced kidney function.
Bromcresol Green transitions from yellow to blue with a transition range of 3.8 to 5.4. What would be the color of Bromcresol green in a solution of pH 4.5
Green
The chemical name for table sugar is
sucrose
An unsaturated fat contains at least one what?
Carbon=Carbon double bond in a fatty acid.
Would you expect KBr to be ionic or covalent? Why?
ionic, 0.8 vs. 2.8 electronegativity
For Zinc, tell me
Atomic Mass
What does it do in the body?
65.4, Zinc is an essential mineral that boosts immune function, reduces inflammation, accelerates wound healing, and supports DNA synthesis and cell growth. It is crucial for maintaining vision, taste, and smell, while also assisting in managing acne and reducing the risk of age-related diseases.
Phenolphthalein changes from colorless to pink with a transition range of pH 8.2 to pH 10. What category of solution would need to be tested in order to have this indicator turn pink?
A base / an alkaline solution / something pH 10 or higher.