DNA STRUCTURE
The full name of the genetic material found in the nucleus.
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?
This enzyme unzips DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds.
What is DNA helicase?
The flow of genetic information follows this pattern.
What is DNA → RNA → Protein?
A codon is made of this many RNA bases.
What is 3?
A mutation is this type of change.
What is a change in the DNA sequence?
The shape of DNA is commonly described as this.
What is a double helix?
DNA replication is called this because each new strand contains one old strand and one new strand.
What is semiconservative replication?
This process converts DNA into mRNA.
What is transcription?
This RNA molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome.
What is tRNA?
This mutation replaces one nucleotide with another.
What is a substitution mutation?
DNA is made of repeating units called these.
What are nucleotides?
DNA is synthesized in this direction.
What is 5’ to 3’?
This process occurs when ribosomes read codons to build proteins.
What is translation?
The anticodon UAC pairs with this mRNA codon.
What is AUG?
This mutation type adds an extra nucleotide.
What is an insertion?
These are the four nitrogen bases found in DNA.
What are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine?
This strand is synthesized continuously during DNA replication.
What is the leading strand?
RNA uses this base instead of thymine.
What is uracil?
The bonds holding amino acids together in proteins are called these.
What are peptide bonds?
Accidentally creating a stop codon causes this type of mutation.
What is a nonsense mutation?
Adenine pairs with this base in DNA.
What is thymine?
Short DNA pieces on the lagging strand are called these.
What are Okazaki fragments?
The t, r and m in front of RNA is an abbreviation for these words.
What is transfer, ribosomal and messenger?
These three codons tell the ribosome to stop translation.
What are UAA, UAG, and UGA?
Insertions and deletions can cause this mutation that changes everything downstream.
What is a frameshift mutation?