Chapter 3
What is the "garbage can" of the cell? It contains a digestive enzyme and attaches to incoming vesicles to break them down.
Lysosomes
The plasma membrane is made up of what?
Phospholipid bilayer and proteins
What is entropy?
Relative amount of disorder
Which molecules are the products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon Dioxide and Water
At a cellular level, photosynthesis occurs where?
The chloroplast
Who is Robert Hooke? What did he look at for his discovery?
The scientist that discovered cells. Looked at cork cells.
Why do proteins not pass through the cell membrane?
Because they are very large.
Enzymes are specific. This means that they
What is another name for the citric acid cycle?
Krebs Cycle
What are the raw materials required for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide and Water
Which cellular structure is responsible for packaging materials with the cell?
The Golgi Apparatus
An isotonic solution means that the solute concentration outside the cell
is the same as inside the cell.
The location in which the enzyme and substrate bind is called the
active site
What are the four phases of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Preparatory Reaction, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
Why are plant leaves green?
They reflect green wavelengths of light
What is the structures of the mitochondria and the chloroplast from further in to out?
Chloroplast: Thylakoid space, thylakoid, stroma, inner membrane, outer membrane
Mitochondria: Matrix, Cristae, Inner membrane, Outer membrane
When a substance moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration while using energy, the process is termed
Active Transport
What is the difference between an exergonic reaction and an endergonic reaction?
Exergonic releases energy, and endergonic requires an input of energy.
Muscles undergo fermentation when
No oxygen is available
What are the stages of the Calvin cycle?
carbon dioxide fixation, carbon dioxide reduction, and regeneration of RuBP
What filaments are associated with muscle fibers, and which ones are associated with hair?
Actin Filaments muscles, intermediate filaments hair
If a cell lacks ATP, what processes would cease to operate immediately?
Sodium/Potassium Pump
What are Enzyme Cofactors?
Vitamins, inorganic ions, and coenzymes
Where is the electron transport chain located in the mitochondria?
The Cristae
The Calvin cycle reactions are dependent upon a supply of
carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP.
what are the four supports to the endosymbiotic theory?
1. Similar in size to bacteria
2. both bounded by a double membrane
3. both contain genetic material
4. Both have ribosomes and produce proteins
If 0.9% NaCl were isotonic to a cell, then
1% would be hypertonic
What are all the factors affecting enzymatic speed?
Temperature and Ph, Substrate concentration, Enzyme activation, Enzyme inhibition, Enzyme Cofactors
What phase of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
The electron transport chain
Water is split and oxygen is released in
the noncyclic electron pathway.