Morphology Pt.1
List 3 ways to classify morphemes and identify their meanings...
1. FREE vs. BOUND: morphemes that are also words vs. morphemes that never exist as words
2. OPEN vs. CLOSED: open to change vs. can't change
3. CONTENT vs. FUNCTION: provides content for what you want to say vs. helps glue the sentence together
True or false...
allomorphs represent one concept but different pronunciations
true
past: [-ed],[-t], [-d], [Id]
List main verbs & define their rules
transitive, ditransitive, and linking verbs
Transitive: a verb pillowed by an object.
Ditransitive: verb followed by a direct object and an
Intransitive: verb
Linking verb: verb followed by an adjective
Distinguish whether the following phrases are transitive, intransitive, or ditransitive:
1. She laughed.
2. Jay brushed his hair.
3. Send a letter to the president.
1. Intransitive (no object)
2. Transitive (requires an object)
3. Ditransitive (direct object)
Identify the constituent:
Borrowed a book.
A book
Did it pass all 3 tests? YES!
1. stand alone test
2. substitution by a pro form
3. movement test
Identify which kind of morpheme this is:
Function (derivational)
Position (affixation ----> pre-, -infix, -suffix)
Bound morpheme
Which is false about derivational morphemes?
- changes core meaning
- cannot change category of the base
- can be prefixes or suffixes
cannot change category of the base
She puts her shoes on the bed.
What is this an example of? How do you know?
a preposition
What are the 3 different auxiliaries?
Primary: BE, HAVE, DO
Modal: can/could, shall/should, will/would, may/might, must
Marginal: ought to, need to
A sentence or a complete thought.
'cept,' 'fect,' 'mit,' 'sume,' and 'clude' all of these are an example of? ...
Bound bases
List all inflectional morphemes of the following:
noun
modifiers (adj & adv)
verb
NOUN: -s (plural), -'s (possessive)
ADJ MODIFIER: -er (comparative), -est (superlative)
VERBS : -ed (past), -s (3rd person/singular/present), BE __ing (progressive), HAVE__ed/en (perfective)
What goes in the underlined portion? Give syntactic reasoning:
They seemed really happy ____ him.
Preposition because it is followed by a noun.
Nominative is found in subject portion along with who.
Accusative is found in the object position along with whom.
identify the morphemes in the following words:
mismanagement
unmistakeable
unamerican
mis-manage-ment
un-America-n
un-mistake-able
These lexical categories belong to...
Morphology: -est, -most, -ist, -ous, -ie
Syntactic: modifies a noun
Semantic: describes qualities typical of nouns
What lexical category does this belong to?
Morphology: -s (plural), -'s (possessive), -ment, -er
Syntactic: may follow after "the"/a, this, that, there, those
Semantics: person, place or thing
Nouns
Give the morphological and syntactic reasoning for what goes in the underlined portion:
The two ____ that were standing in the corner also seemed happy.
Since it's a noun...
Morphological reasoning: Ends in -en
Syntactic reasoning: determiner before it
Determiner and adj (adj being two)
Explain where whom and who is used
WHO is found where a question can be answered by what's in the subject position.
WHOM answers what's in the object position.
Ex. She went on a date with him. WHO went on a date with him? SHE. vs. WHOM did she go on a date with? HIM.
Identify which sentence is Tense, Mood, & Aspect:
1. By this time tomorrow, Trey will have played his first basketball game.
2. Carla will travel to Belgium next week.
3. Can we have dessert before dinner tonight?
1. Aspect
2. Tense
3. Mood
Which word formation does this represent?
Creating new words by combining parts of existing words,
mo(tor)+(ho)tel (motel)
inter(connected)+net(work) (internet)
affluent + influenza (affluenza)
biography + picture (biopic)
Spanish + English (Spanglish)
Blending
Distinguish whether these words are derivational or inflectional
1. started
2. its
3. monitoring
1. Inflectional (-ed, past)
2. Inflectional (3rd person, present)
3. Derivational (completed/perfected)
Identify the italicized constituent using the phrasal categories:
The cloud rolled across the sky.
PP: because ACROSS is a preposition
Name the different phrasal categories and their rules
NP:(D) (Adj) N/pronoun
PP: prepositon N
Adv: (adv) adv
Adj: (adv) adj
VP: v (Preposition) (adj) (N)
S: VP NP
What do these nonsense words represent?
They showed him a picture of hng gghhhest property.
hng is an adjective
gghhhest is an adjective because it ends with -est