Experimental Design
In experiments, Key Factors are the variables that you manipulate (T or F)
True
Sea Level Rise
One resource animals can compete for:
space, food, light, mates
A type of competition where the negative effects are due to consumption per se resulting in reduced availability of a shared resource
What is Exploitative
List one potential biotic factor that could negatively affect an animal's fitness
Predators, Competitors, Disease/pathogens
I am surveying people and asking how many hours they spend on social media each day, as well as how many classes they are taking, to see if there is a relationship. What are the null and alternative hypotheses?
Ha1 = there is a positive correlation between daily social media consumption and # of classes they are taking
Ha2= there is a negative correlation between daily social media consumption and # of classes they are taking
Some species NEED disturbance in order to survive. (T or F?)
True
Competition among same species is called:
InTRAspecific competition
Usually, if one species has strong negative effects on the other, the other also has strong negative effects on it (competition is usually symmetric)
What is false
At high prey density, despite the high presence of predators, what is an inverse density dependent factor that allows prey to continue to benefit from "safety in numbers"?
Satiation, or handling time (think Big Burrito example)
I am designing a study where I go and collect the average rainfall data in a given month, and the number of species present in an area of a forest to see if there is a relationship. If any, what is the key factor and what is the response variable?
NONE! It's a correlative study, so the two variables are just VARIABLES OF INTEREST.
The effect of climate change that causes calcifying organisms underwater to dissolve
Ocean Acidification
One way being near others can negatively affect your fitness BESIDES through competition?
Disease Spread
Is competition between animals generally symmetric or asymmetric?
Asymmetric
BONUS! You will get 400 pts for knowing the answer to this question.
State the distinction between numerical response and aggregative response that explains how more prey = more predators
Numerical: more prey allows for existing predators to survive better and reproduce better, thus leading to an increase in predator density
Aggregative: more prey behaviorally attracts more predators into the area
I want to test the effect of early socialization and nutritional deficiencies during kitten-hood on the presence of aggressive behaviors in adult cats. List KF and RV:
KF: level of early socialization, nutritional availability during kitten-hood
RV: presence of aggressive behaviors during adulthood
Allee effect is an example of:
Density dependence, density independence, or inverse density dependence?
IDD
In an experiment to test to see if a resource is a limiting resource, should you INCREASE or DECREASE that resource?
Increase
Populations overshoot and undershoot because of:
Time lags
When is predation generally density dependent? (at low or high prey densities?)
Low prey density
A 2x2x2 experimental design is when you have 2 key factors, 2 response variables, and 2 control groups (T or F)
F. 2x2x2 is when you have 3 key factors, each with 2 levels (low/high temperature, low/high food, etc).
BONUS! You will get 600 points for knowing the answer to this question.
Richard talked about how his advisor had a pet black widow spider. In what context did he bring this up, and what happened to his spider?
He was talking about how at very low prey densities, inverts can go dormant to save energy. He forgot about his spider, but after 5 months of no food, the spider moved immediately when it saw a fly inside the tank (and ate it).
The equilibrium population size in the absence of other species of enemies (interspecific competitors, predators, diseases, etc)
K, carrying capacity
Three ways in which a species can be a better competitor
1) be faster
2) be more aggressive
3) hunker down, have a low R* (threshold below which a species cannot persist)
A STABLE equilibrium point is the point at which the arrows merge (see graph) - T or F