S1. Basic foundations of chemistry
¿Which are the 4 physical states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gaseous and plasma.
¿What is the atom?
Smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical properties of an element, cannot be divided.
¿What are the names of the periodic table according to the vertical columns and hortizontal rows?
Groups/families and periods
¿Which are the 3 types of chemical bonds?
Ionic, covalent and metallic.
¿What is an anion and cation?
Anion has negative charge, cation positive charge.
¿Who invented the gunpowder?
Chinese
Positive subparticle of the atom, that originally was named channel ray.
Proton
¿How many elements does the periodic table include?
118 elements
¿What is the octet rule?
States that an atom is more stable when its electron configuration resembles 8 electrons
¿How is the classification of compounds according to the number of elements?
Binary, ternary and polyatomic.
Substances formed by combining two or more elements
Compounds
Describe the 3 types of radiations
Alpha are positive, beta negative and gamma without charge.
¿Which is the formula to obtain the number of neutrons?
Atomic mass minus atomic number
¿Which are the types of covalent bonds, according to the Lewis structure?
Single, double and triple bonds.
Name of the 3 nomenclature systems to name compounds
Stoichiometric/systematic, functional/classical/traditional, STOCK.
Ancient technique whose main objectives were to discover a substance that would transmute (Middle Age).
Alchemy
Scientific that postulates that the atom was a solid sphere
John Dalton
Name of the group/familiy number 1
Alkali metal
¿What type of bond does NaCl (sodium chloride) form?
Ionic
¿What are the 4 types of classification of compounds according to their chemical function?
Acids, bases, salts, oxides.
Define kinetic and potential energy
Kinetic is energy for the movement of a body, potential is energy stored in a body.
Niels Bohr proposed the modern atom, because he used the spectra of light emission...¿False or true?
True
Electronic configuration of potassium (K), if atomic number is 19.
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
¿Who published 33 elements in "Tratado elemental de Quimica"?
Antoine Lavoisier
¿Which are the 5 prefixes/sufixes to name acid compounds?
Hidric, hipo_orous, _orous, _ic, per_oric.