The Particles of Matter
The smallest unit of matter.
What is an atom?
What makes one element different from another.
What is its number of protons (atomic number)?
The tool separates light into its component colors.
What is a spectroscope?
The modern atomic theory describes the region where electrons are most likely to be found. This region is called the ______.
What is the electron cloud (orbital)?
Electrons are found in which region of the atom.
What is the electron cloud outside the nucleus?
The subatomic particle that determines the atomic number of an element.
What is the proton?
Define isotope.
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
The modern model that replaced Bohr’s idea of circular orbits with probability regions.
What is The Quantum Mechanical Model (Electron Cloud Model)?
This scientist developed the quantum mechanical model of the atom, treating electrons as waves and leading to the use of orbitals.
Who is Erwin Schrödinger?
The ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms.
What is electron configurations?
The charge of a neutron.
What is no charge (neutral)?
He proposed that electrons move in circular orbits with fixed energy levels.
Who is Niels Bohr?
When electrons jump from higher to lower energy levels, this is released.
What is light (photon)?
This model replaced Bohr’s idea of fixed orbits with probability distributions showing where electrons are likely to be.
What is the Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom?
The property of electrons that may be thought of as a clockwise (spin up) or counterclockwise (spin-down) orientation.
What is spin?
The amount of protons in an element that has an atomic number of 12.
What is 12?
Explain how Bohr’s model important even though it was incorrect.
It explained hydrogen’s emission spectrum and introduced energy levels.
Scientists can study the light from stars to determine this.
What is the elements present in the star?
True or False: it’s impossible to know both the exact position and momentum of an electron at the same time.
True
Write the electron configuration for oxygen (atomic number 8).
1s² 2s² 2p⁴
Explain the difference between mass number and atomic number.
Mass number = protons + neutrons; Atomic number = protons only.
Compare continuous energy vs quantized energy with the ramp vs staircase analogy.
Ramp = continuous; Stairs = quantized.
Explain why could Bohr’s model only explain hydrogen’s spectrum, not other elements.
It assumed circular orbits; multi-electron atoms behave more complexly.
True or false: electrons fill orbitals singly before pairing up.
True
Write the electron configuration for Osmium (Os).
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶6s²4f¹⁴5d⁶