Feudalism
Social Hierarchy, Hierarchy, Social Structure, Social/Governmental Structure or Setup
What was the name of the holy city that the Crusades were fought to control, and which major religions consider it sacred?
Jerusalem, a holy site for Christians, Jews, and Muslims
What does "Magna Carta" mean in Latin, and on what date was it first sealed/agreed to?
It means "Great Charter" and was first sealed in 1215.
Who was the founder of Islam?
The Prophet Muhammad
This is a land formation that is surrounded by water on 3 sides.
Peninsula
Who was at the top of the feudal social hierarchy?
The king technically owned all the land and was at the top of the feudal pyramid.
Who was the Pope who called for the first Crusade in 1095, inciting Europeans to march to the Holy Land?
Pope Urban II was the Pope who launched the First Crusade with his famous sermon at the Council of Clermont.
Which English king was forced to seal the Magna Carta, and what did it establish regarding the king's power?
King John: was forced to sign it, and the document established the crucial principle that the monarch was not above the law and was not absolute.
Where was Islam founded?
Mecca, Arabian Peninsula, "Middle East"
These are the three branches of our government in the United States.
Legislative
Judicial
Executive
What was the basic exchange in the feudal system?
People received land and protection in exchange for providing military service and labor to a higher-ranking individual
What was a major motivating factor for Crusaders to join the First Crusade, as promised by Pope Urban II?
Many Crusaders were motivated by the promise of an eternal reward, such as a promise of eternal salvation.
What precedent did the Magna Carta set regarding taxation and consent?
It stated that the king could not levy certain new taxes or seize property without the agreement of a council, which became a predecessor to Parliament.
What two medieval Islamic Dynasties / Civilizations/ Caliphates expanded Islamic and Arab culture into North Africa, Southern Europe, and North Africa?
Umayyad / Abbasid
This founding document of the United States draws inspiration from the Magna Carta in that it outlines the limitations placed on the power of the government and government officials.
The US Constitution
What was the primary role of a peasant/serf in a feudal system?
Besides the major Crusades, what was the name of the later, ill-fated Crusade organized by poor peasants, which resulted in many children being killed or sold into slavery?
Children's Crusade
What fundamental legal right regarding criminal charges and cases against persons accused of committing crimes was guaranteed in the Magna Carta?
The document guaranteed that all "free men" had the right to a fair trial by a jury of their peers and to justice without delay.
What were two contributions of the Medieval Islamic Civilizations we studied?
Math, Science, Philosophy, Architecture, Increased Literacy, House of Wisdom, Trade Networks, Spread of Islam, Spread of Arabic Culture and Language
This person is the leader of the Catholic Church.
Bonus: Who is this person today?
The Pope
Bonus: Pope Leo XIV
In regards to feudalism, what was the major difference between Western Europe and Eastern Europe during the Medieval era?
HINT: The Byzantine Empire controlled the lands of Eastern Europe during the Middle Ages.
Western Europe: Feudalism with decentralized control by a King AND HIS LORDS/NOBLES WHO CONTROL THE MILITARY FORCES
Eastern Europe: Controlled by a central government under the Byzantine Emperor with direct control over the whole country. He had his own army.
What was a significant long-term impact of increased contact between Europe and the Middle East during the Crusades?
Trade increased between Europe and the Middle East, introducing new products and fostering cultural exchange.
Where in England was the Magna Carta signed?
Runnymede
What are the "Five Pillars of Islam?"
1. Statement of Faith
2. Prayer
3. Charity
4. Fasting during Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca
This is the Holy Book of Islam.
The Quran