Mental Health
Approximately what percentage of Canadians will experience mental illness in their lifetime?
20%
What is pain?
Whatever the person says it is.
The water in the cells do this when placed in a hypertonic solution.
What is exiting or leaving the cell?
Mental illness is thought to be caused by:
Genetics and environment
What is the predominant cation in the cell? What about in the ECF?
Potassium ICF
Sodium ECF
genetics and environment
What are negative physiological reactions that happen when someone is in pain?
Suffering
Physical dysfunction
Psychosocial distress such as anxiety or depression
Impaired recovery following illness or surgery
Immuno-suppression
Sleep disturbances
In acutely ill patients, increased respiratory dysfunction, heart rate and cardiac workload leading to increased morbidity
How much does 1L of fluid in the body weigh?
1 kg
Nurses are among the top ___ top occupations known for injury. What musculoskeletal injuries are most common?
top ten
shoulder and back injuries most common
What are risks to the respiratory system with bed rest?
Atelectasis and pneumonia
What is resilience?
The ability to navigate through psychological, social, cultural, and physical resources that sustain a person’s well being.
The ability to face tragedy, loss, severe stress and recover from the experience. Characterized by optimism, and competence
What are the roles of a nurse in terms of pain management?
a. Assessment, documentation, communication
b.Interventions- pain measures
c.Evaluating effectiveness of pain control
d.Monitoring ongoing pain management
e.Providing education to clients
A patient has gained 2 kg in two days. What significance is this to their fluid status?
2kg=2L of fluid in the body.
This is a significant gain in fluids over a short period of time. A physical assessment with emphasis on fluid status should be completed and pay attention to the patient's lab results! Report this to the physician.
What are five principles of good body mechanics for nurses?
•Feet about 12” apart
•Low center of gravity (55% standing height)
•Use large muscle groups
•Do not twist or bend torso
•Bend at knees to lower
•Weight close to body
•GET HELP!
•USE TOOLS LIKE LIFTS!
What are normal values for Na and K?
Potassium 3.5-5 mmol/L
Sodium 135-145mmol/L
Characteristics of mentally healthy people are:
Deals effectively with emotions
Is productive
Has successful relationships with others
Adapts to change
Positively copes with adversity
What percentage of patients in Ontario used opioids one year post surgery?
In Ontario only 0.4% of patients used opioids after one year post surgery
Name two cations and two anions.
Cations- positive- potassium, sodium
Anions- Chloride, phosphate
Symptoms of muscular dystrophy are?
Symptoms include progressive muscle wasting, weakness, and loss of function. Common signs include poor balance with frequent falls, difficulty walking, limited range of movement, and drooping eyelids
What is atelectasis?
Collapse of alveoli
Results are decreased oxygen, prolonged recovery
Possibility of lung collapse
Define the DSM-5 and its purpose.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th edition
DSM-5 is to provide clinicians, educators and researchers a common framework to understand and communicate about mental disorders
Official guide for diagnosing over 350 diagnosis
What are the steps of pain transmission?
Transduction
transmission
perception
modulation
Define each
A person has crashed their car and has a deep laceration in their calf. They are losing blood quickly. The blood pressure is decreasing, as is blood volume. What effect would this have on fluid exchange at the capillary bed?
If the arteriole pressure decreased at the capillary bed, less fluids would flow into the interstitial space and more would return to the venous system, helping to recover from the loss of blood.
What are advantages to bed rest?
•Reduce mobility and oxygen needs
•Reduce pain and need for analgesics
•Promote safety following surgery or under sedation (or other meds)
•Allow patient who are ill or exhausted to rest
What happens to the musculoskeletal system with prolonged bedrest?
Decreased density and strength of bone
atrophy of muscles
contractures