Perspectives
Highlights the importance of social groups and societal norms in shaping human development
Socio-cultural
Sense of taste
Gustation
When your prior expectations influence what you perceive
Top down processing
Mental shortcuts
Heuristics
Process of transforming sensory information into a form that the brain can process and store,
Encoding
Examines the influence of genetics, the nervous system, and hormones
Biological
Blind spot
Depth cues that rely on both eyes.
Binocular cues
When a person is reluctant to abandon a strategy or course of action because they have invested heavily in it
Sunk cost fallacy
Tendency to remember the first and last items in a list or sequence better than the middle items
Serial Position Effect
A therapist from this perspective would make use of active listening
Humanistic Perpective
Body movement sense
Kinesthesis
When movement is perceived by successive flashing lights
Apparent motion
A tendency to approach problems in a specific way, often based on past experiences
Mental set
Process by which short-term memories are transformed into long-term, stable memories
Consolidation
Examines the role of the subconscious
Psychodynamic
The change in a stimulus that will be just noticeable is a constant ratio of the original stimulus
Weber's Law
Cocktail party effect
When you make a decision based on how similar an object, person, or event is to a prototype or typical example
Representativeness heuristic
When people can remember every day of their lives
Highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM)
Examines the role of memories in decision-making
Cognitive
Taste of fat
Oleogustus
When you don't notice a significant difference in your environment because of inattention
Change blindness
A set of higher-level cognitive skills that help us plan, organize, and regulate our thoughts and actions
Executive functions
When previously learned material hinders new memories
Proactive interference