Stroke
What are the two types of stroke?
Ischemic and Hemorrhagic
A mild TBI occurs when?
A mild TBI occurs when the brain is
subjected to some external, physical force – a blow, bump, or jolt to the
head.
An 80-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of speech disturbance and confusion. She was riding a bicycle when she suddenly felt unwell and subsequently noticed she could not find words to express her thoughts. A pedestrian found her sitting on the ground, at a loss for words and looking confused. She was brought to the emergency department for evaluation. On examination, she was alert, but looked very anxious, frustrated and confused. She was not oriented to time, place and person. She spoke hesitantly and non-fluently, she seemed not to be able to find words to respond (speaking and writing) to the physician's questions. She also showed impairment in repetition and comprehension to questions with complex syntax. Laboratory studies showed hypercholesterolemia.
What type of aphasia is most likely present?
Broca's Aphasia
-impairments in the ability to use and understand figurative forms of communication
-deficits in the ability to use and understand pragmatics
-using and interpreting body postures and body language
-understand the global meaning of discourse
-grasping the "big picture"
-difficulty displaying emotions and understanding the emotions of others
-appear to be egocentric or narcissistic
-thinking and verbal communication are often disorganized
-semantic processing deficits
-reduced attentions
-impaired executive functions
What percent of cases are classified as Ischemic?
87%
What is a concussion defined as?
A mild TBI
Aphasia is a disorder of expressive and/or receptive language that most often arises
from cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
What is the classical way to test or screen for deficits in perception?
the clock drawing test
When does an Ischemic stroke occur?
What are some symptoms of mild TBI that may linger, but often improve?
Difficulty with concentration and attention – diminished working memory
Difficulty with remembering information;
Slowed information processing speed;
Difficulty with new learning;
Irritability, agitation, quickness to anger
What is the most common and frequent cause of aphasia?
Always CVA
What are some deficits in perception?
-inability to create a 3D representation of space
-inability to orient to stimuli with the purpose of acting upon it in some meaningful way
What percent of Hemorrhagic strokes are responsible for deaths related to stroke?
40%
Immediately following a mild TBI, what are some of the individuals reporting?
Feeling dazed, confused, foggy, disoriented, Headache, Changes in vision – blurry or double vision, and Vomiting or nausea.
what are the fluent types of aphasia?
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
Conduction Aphasia
Anomic Aphasia
True/False: When left side neglect is present, it is usually severe and often?
True
uncontrolled high blood pressure (uncontrolled hypertension)
Approximately 90% of individuals who incur mild TBI will fully recover within?
about 7-10 days
What are some types of nonfluent aphasia?
Broca’s Aphasia
Global Aphasia
Transcortical Motor Aphasia
If left-side neglect is present, why is it challenging to treat it?
anosognosia