Matter and SPM
Elements and Chemical Changes
Buoyancy & Heat Flow
Plate Tectonics
Rocks, minerals, geologic time, and chemical bonds
200
Compare the electrostatic forces of different liquids, using an example from class TIP: list the liquids first
What is Hexane - Weakest Ethanol - Medium Water - Strongest
200
Write out a bullet point summary of the series of relationships that help to explain how temperature plays a role in the solubility of a solid within a liquid.
What is Temperature increases AKE of liquid particles increases Average force of liquid particles increases More liquid particles "attacking" the solid Increased solubility
200
Explain the effect of that heating up an object has on its mass, volume and density. Use an example from class to serve as evidence.
What is Mass - never changes due to law of conservation of mass Volume - when something is heated, volume increases because particles move further apart Density - when something is heated density decreases Example: ball and ring video, thermometer with liquid in it.
200
Which two kinds of converging plates do not cause subduction? Why? Give an example of such a case.
What is Continental - Continental. Both plates are too buoyant/not dense enough so the only way they can go is up. This creates huge mountains like the Himalayas.
200
Provide an explanation for how chemical weathering works, including the factors that will influence the likelihood of chemical weathering occurring. Extra point: What is the result of mechanical weathering? Of chemical weathering?
What is Chemical weathering changes the composition of the minerals in the rock.This happens by the soluble minerals being dissolved and/or the addition of water to insoluble minerals. Typically happens through acid rain. Factors: abundant rainfall, high temps (to increase the rate of the chemical reactions). EXTRA POINT: Sand and clay
300
Define a physical and chemical change, and provide one example from class of each.
What is Physical - change in state, shape, or size Chemical - something new is produced and a bond is created or broken
300
Write a bullet point summary of the series of relationships that would provide an explanation for how temperature affects the rate of reactions.
What is Temp increases AKE increases Avg. force per collision and frequency of collisions increases More opportunities for a collision to overcome the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur
300
Draw a force diagram for two boats that both float in water, but one is more submerged than the other.
What is The forces on either diagram are gravity acting down and buoyancy acting up and they should be balanced. The heavier object has longer arrows.
300
What are the three forces are the play a role in the movement of plates on Earth? Include a brief explanation of how each of these forces work.
What is 1. Mantle convection - As things heat up they expand and become less dense and more buoyant so they rise. - Once at the surface, they cool and are pushed in opposite directions on the surface before they become more dense and sink back down. 2. Gravity / Slab Push - When two plates diverge, magma rises through the crust and comes up to the surface. - As it cools, it slides back down the thermal mountains 3. Subduction / Slab Pull - When two plates converge, one (the older, more dense one) is pulled under the other and experiences subduction. - This is due to lithospheric thickening.
300
Potassium chloride is formed when Potassium and Chlorine bond together. –Is this an ionic or covalent bond? How do you know? –What is the chemical formula for Potassium chloride? –Would you expect Potassium chloride to dissolve easily in water? Explain why or why not in two bullet points.
What is -Ionic -One metal and one nonmetal -KCl -Yes -It's ionic and water is polar
400
Find and Compare Scandium and Titanium –Which has the greatest atomic mass? –Which has the greatest atomic radius? –Which has the most valence electrons?
What is -Greatest atomic mass: Titanium -Greatest atomic radius: Scandium -Most valence electrons: Titanium
400
Draw a micro I/O diagram for the liquid+gas particles that are undergoing a phase change from liquid -> gas. (Assume that the container is insulated so that there is no energy output to the surroundings.)
What is Input: Heat Energy Title: H/C Interaction Output: None Changes: Only an increase in ESPE
400
Write out a bullet point summary of the series of relationships that help to explain how convection works. Provide an example of a model from class that serves as evidence.
What is Convection can only occur within a fluid (liquid or gas) Heat source needs to come from below As the fluid heats up, it expands and become less dense and more buoyant So it rises (Once it has risen, it is now away from the heat source and cools and settles back to the bottom, only to get reheated)
400
Describe where we are most likely to see deep earthquakes. Why would we observe deep earthquakes at those places?
What is Deep earthquakes are likely to occur at subduction zones because a plate is rubbing against another plate as it descends into the mantle, causing earthquakes deep within the earth.
400
Calcium Fluoride is formed when calcium and Fluorine are bonded together –Is this an ionic or covalent bond? –How do you know? –What is the chemical formula? –Would you expect Calcium Fluoride to be solid or gas at room temperature? –Explain why or why not in two bullet points (one bullet = solid/gas, second bullet = explanation).
What is - Ionic - Calcium is a metal and Fluoride is a nonmetal - CaF2 -Solid at room temperature -B/c ionic, the strong attractive forces keep the positive and negative ions together, or the intermolecular forces are strong
500
An atom has 15 protons, 16 neutrons and 14 electrons. –What element is it? –What is its atomic mass? –What is net charge?
What is Phosphorus 31 +1
500
Recall the glow stick experiment from class. –Balance the equation •C14O4 + H2O2 --> C6OH + C2O4 –Is it exothermic or endothermic? How can you tell?
What is C14O4 + H2O2 --> 2C6OH + C2O4 Exothermic, because the temperature of the glow sticks increases once they are activated.
500
What is the relationship between average kinetic energy and temperature?
What is AKE is a direct measure of temperature, or temperature is directly related to AKE.
500
Draw a diagram of an ocean-continental convergence boundary. – Tell me if you see deep or shallow earthquakes (and why). – Tell me if you see volcanoes at this boundary or not (and why).
What is Main features should be: 1. Oceanic plate should be sinking below continental plate. 2. Shallow earthquakes become deeper and deeper as they follow the subducting slab. 3. Volcanoes are formed at the boundary because water becomes steam and rises, causing thermal expansion of the crust.
500
Draw out a rock cycle that goes from magma to sedimentary rock, listing each intermediate step as well as the processes to get to those steps. –Extra point: Draw out the entire cycle (starting from magma and going all the way back to magma).
What is MAGMA *cools* > IGNEOUS ROCK *weathering, erosion, deposition* > SEDIMENTARY ROCK *heat and pressure > METAMORPHIC ROCK *melts* > MAGMA
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