Concepts/Ideas
A person/group invested in & affected by something but with little power is a/an...
stakeholder
This model shows there has to be a balance in development to avoid environmental damage when there's too much and poverty & stagnation if there's not enough.
Doughnut Economics (doughnut model)
This man is created with creating the idea of soft power.
Joseph Nye
What happened that Nicaragua used an excuse to invade Isla Calero?
Google Maps erroneously labeled the island as belonging to Nicaragua
In the last decade, we sometimes are the biggest global exporter of this to Europe.
cocaine
What is unilateralism?
When someone or something (often a state) acts independently to achieve national objectives w/o working with others or taking them into account
The sending of UN Blue Helmets & other measures to protect civilians in Côte d'Ivoire against the leaders is an example of this type of challenge to sovereignty.
Humanitarian Intervention (can also accept Responsibility to Protect or R2P as a more specific answer)
The murder of this young woman in Costa Rica in 2020 by a stranger led to legal reforms through change to legislation amplifying what crimes count as femicide.
Allison Bonilla
The international treaty that focuses on women's rights, progress, and well-being.
CEDAW (Convention for the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women)
Name 3 different types of violence against women (think back to when you were researching online and finding data about these).
Possible answers: Femicide; Intimate Partner Violence (domestic violence); Sexual Violence (sexual assault, rape); Child marriage; Genital mutilation; Trafficking
Explain Michel Foucault's concept of the Panopticon (the metaphor he uses to illustrate biopower).
Panopticon - there is a jail with 1 guard who can see every cell but prisoners can't see him; they don't know when they're being watched so it creates the sensation of always being watched which leads them to modify their behavior
What is negative peace?
The absence of war
This man is credited with developing the concept of offensive realism; here states act competitively in order to gain security by gaining more power.
John Mearsheimer
This public institution failed to investigate reports, leading to the continued abuse of a young girl and the eventual kidnapping and murder of baby Keibril.
PANI
Explain 1 way the geography of Costa Rica facilitates narcotrafficking (or makes it harder to fight against it).
1) Large areas of forests, often in national parks and reservations, make it harder to patrol & catch traffickers.
2) Climate that favors agriculture production which leads to fruit exports that can be taken advantage of to hide drugs in (ex. pineapples)
3) Isthmus location in center of America leads to natural 'bridge' from South America (where many drugs cultivated) to northern areas (Europe, also US/Canada) to sell
What is the dictator's trap?
A government keeps using violence against its people, leading to a cycle where there is more resistance to the government, the govt. loses legitimacy, and the govt. may also lose touch w/accurate info (if people are afraid to tell the leader bad news); this may lead to the government's collapse.
The modern idea of sovereignty was formed by this agreement/treaty.
Peace of Westphalia
This political philosopher, known for her many books such as on totalitarianism, argues that true power comes from plurality (collective action) & totalitarianism is indeed the ultimate failure of power.
Hannah Arendt
What is the difference between universalism and cultural relativism?
Universalism = an idea, norm, practices, or rights applies globally; Cultural Relativism = idea that beliefs, rights, norms, and practices should be based on their culture and perspective
Identify one form of structural violence that causes the proliferation of narcotrafficking in Costa Rica.
Possibilities: 1) lack of educational opportunities 2) lack of job opportunities/weak job market 3)policing lacks funding & is understaffed 4)neglect of coastal areas by many governments 5)difficulties in judicial/legal systems (lax laws, difficulty getting convinctions, etc)
The Declaratory Theory developed in the 1933 Montevideo Conference is essentially a checklist for determining what?
What a state is (whether or not something qualifies as a state)
Name the 5 states that form the P5 of the Security Council of the UN.
UK, US, France, Russia, China
This man is considered the father of peace studies and created the term "peacebuilding" and the Peace Research Institute in his hometown of Oslo.
Johan Galtung
What are the 3 sides of Galtung's Triangle of Violence?
direct, structural, and cultural
What are the three dimensions that the Human Development Index (HDI) uses to measure development?
life expectancy; education; and GNI per capita (standard of living)