Cells
What is considered the "powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
What are the four main types of tissues in the body?
Connective, muscle, epithelial, and nervous.
What is the function of osteocytes?
Osteocytes maintain the bone matrix and regulate calcium levels.
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Cardiac, smooth and skeletal.
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
What is the third phase during mitosis?
Metaphase
What is the function of squamous epithelial cells?
They provide a thin, flat layer for diffusion and filtration.
What type of joint is the shoulder?
Ball and socket joint
What is the role of actin and myosin in muscle contraction?
Actin and myosin interact to slide against one another, causing contraction.
What is the function of dendrites?
To receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.
True or False?
True
What is the role of cartilage in the body?
Cartilage provides support and cushioning in joints and other parts of the body.
Name the three regions of the vertebral column.
Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar.
Explain the sliding filament theory.
Myosin heads attach to actin filaments and pull them inward, shortening the muscle during contraction.
What does myelin do?
Myelin insulates axons to speed up signal transition.
How water molecules move across a semipermeable membrane that separates two solutions.
Is this osmosis or diffusion?
Osmosis
What is the difference between a ligament and a tendon?
A ligament connects the bone to bone, a tendon connects muscle to bone.
What is the diaphysis on a long bone?
The shaft of the middle part of a long bone.
What is the function of the sarcolemma?
The sarcolemma is the cell membrane of the muscle cell that conducts electrical signals for contraction.
Name the four lobes of the brain and one function for each.
Frontal: Decision making
Parietal: Sensory processing
Temporal: Hearing and memory
Occipital: Vision
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis brings substances into the cell, exocytosis removes them.
Describe how epidermolysis bullosa affects connective tissue.
It causes the skin to blister easily due to defective proteins that fail to anchor skin layers together.
Identify the type of bone that the pelvis is.
Irregular bone
Describe how neuromuscular junction works.
A motor neuron releases neurotransmitters at the synapse, triggering the muscle cell to contract.
Describe the role of astrocytes.
Support neurons and maintain the blood brain barrier.