Si impersonale/Si passivante
What are si impersonale & si passivante?
They are both used when making impersonal, general statements. Si impersonale is used to refer to people in general (one, people, you, they). Si passivante is passive voice (doesn't explicitly say who is doing the action).
What are relative pronouns? What are the ones we learned?
Certain words that link two phrases together, where the second phrase gives more information about the first phrase.
• Che, cui, chi, quello che/quel che/ciò che.
When do you use/not use the subjunctive tense?
Use for expressing emotions, opinions, desires, demands, doubt, uncertainty.
Don't use when talking about something 100% certain. Also, typically not used when subject doesn't change.
What are some types of nouns that seem feminine but are masculine and have non-standard singular/plural forms?
• Most nouns ending in "-ma". (plural is -mi)
• Body parts
What do these suffixes indicate?
• ello/a, etto/a, ino/a, uccio/a
• one/a
• accio/a
• ello/a, etto/a, ino/a, uccio/a: indicates smallness or affection
• one/a: indicates largeness or importance
• accio/a: has negative connotation
How do you form the si impersonale?
How do you form the si passivante?
Si + 3rd person singular
Si + 3rd person singular/plural (depends on subject)
Which relative pronoun is used after a preposition?
Give an example sentence.
Cui
Ex. Dov’è il poliziotto con cui ha parlato Mario?
Conjugate parlare in the present subjunctive. (all forms)
Parli, parli, parli, parliamo, parliate, parlino
Fare, dire, and bere are some irregulars in the gerund/progressive tense. Conjugate these verbs in the gerund tense (-ing).
facendo, dicendo, bevendo
Infinitive constructions:
Verb + a + infinitive vs. verb + di + infinitive
Generally, when do you use "a" and when do you use "di"?
"a” usually implies movement or beginning/continuous actions.
"di" usually indicates completion/incompletion of action.
• Avere + noun + di + inf. (Ex. Ho paura di…cantare/ballare/etc.)
• Essere + adj. + di + inf. (Ex. Sono contenta di andare al cinema.)
How do you know when to use si impersonale & si passivante?
• Si impersonale: no subject
• Si passivante: subject
What does "che" mean and how is it used (as a relative pronoun)?
• Can mean who, whom, that, which
• Can refer to people or things. Refers to specific noun previously mentioned.
Venire, potere, fare, dovere, and essere are some of the verbs that are irregular in the subjunctive tense. What are the io/tu/lui/lei forms (which are all the same) for these verbs?
Venga, possa, faccia, debba, sia
Conjugate finire in the present subjunctive.
Finisca, finisca, finisca, finiamo, finiate, finiscano.
Translate: She lives on 23rd street.
And, how do you form ordinal numbers (greater than 10th)?
Lei vive nella via trentatreesimo.
• Drop final vowel and add -esimo
• #s ending in -tré or -sei keep final vowel but drop accent
• Must agree with nouns they modify
When a reflexive verb is used impersonally, what is done differently in forming the si impersonale?
Use "ci si" in order to avoid repeating "si".
• Ex. Ci si divertiva in quel locale notturno.
Which relative pronoun is commonly used in proverbs/sayings?
Chi
Ex. Chi dorme non piglia pesci.
When the subject doesn't change, what are the three verbs that you don't need to use "di" for? Give an example sentence.
Volere, preferire, desiderare.
Ex. Preferite fotocopiare il documento?
What is the difference between indefinite adjectives and indefinite pronouns? What are some examples of either of these?
Indefinite adjectives describe quantity of people/things. Indefinite pronouns replace nouns.
Adj. examples: alcuni/e, molto/a/i/e, altro/a/i/e, ogni, poco/a, pochi/e, qualche, tanto/a/i/e, troppo/a/i/e, tutto/a/i/e
Pronoun examples: alcuni/e, altro, altri/e, molto/a/i/e, ognuno/a, poco/a, pochi/e, qualcuno/a, qualcosa, tanto/a/i/e, troppo/a/i/e, tutto, tutti/e
How do you form the gerund/progressive tenses (-ing).
-ARE --> -ando
-ERE/-IRE --> - endo
• Stare + [gerundio]
• Note: Object/reflexive pronouns go before stare or after the gerundio.
Translate: "One does not simply walk into Mordor."
Non si cammina semplicemente nel Mordor.
Translate: That which you see is a fountain.
Ciò che vedi è una fontana.
(Could also use quello che/quel che)
Translate: I hope to get a job next year.
Spero di trovare un lavoro l'anno prossimo.
When do you use "qualcosa di..." vs. "qualcosa da..."?
Qualcosa di + adj.
Qualcosa da + verb.
Ex. Hai comprato qualcosa di bello?
Ex. Avete qualcosa da dire?
Fill in the blanks:
Non...affatto = _________
_________ = Not yet
Non...mai = Never
Non...neanche/nemmeno/neppure = _________
_________ = Nobody (*can precede verb if subject)
Non...niente/nulla = __________
__________ = No longer
Non...affatto = Not at all
Non...ancora = Not yet
Non...mai = Never
Non...neanche/nemmeno/neppure = Not even
Non...nessuno = Nobody (*can precede verb if subject)
Non...niente/nulla = Nothing
Non più = No longer