cardio
A client presents with chest pain and diaphoresis (sweating a lot). What is the priority nursing action?
A. Obtain a 12-lead ECG
B. Give morphine
C. Give oxygen
D. Start an IV
C
Rationale: Fix oxygen supply first — this could be a sign of an MI.
Priority in acute asthma attack?
A. Albuterol inhaler
B. Steroid inhaler
C. Long-acting bronchodilator
D. Antibiotic
A
Rationale: Fast bronchodilation saves the airway.
Priority lifestyle change after MI?
A. Eat more carbs
B. Stop smoking
C. Avoid all exercise
D. Increase salt
B
Rationale: Smoking wrecks or directly accelerates coronary arteries
Platelets 60,000 in clients on heparin. What’s the nurse's first priority be?
A. Give next dose
B. Stop heparin
C. Add aspirin
D. Increased dose
B
Rationale: Low platelets = risk of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT).
What is to be taught as an essential teaching for pt discharge with TB?
A. Take meds for full course
B. Stop meds when better
C. Share meds
D. Skip doses if nausea
A
Rationale: Prevents resistance.
A client taking an ACE inhibitor (-pril lower bp) should be monitored for which side effect?
A. Constipation
B. Dry cough
C. Rash
D. Bradycardia
B
Rationale: ACE inhibitors often cause chronic cough or bradykinin buildup.
Signs that shows that antibiotics is working to improved pneumonia:
A. Worse sputum
B. WBC rises
C. RR increases
D. Fever decreases
D
Rationale: Fever drop = improving infection.
Most common arrhythmia post-MI?
A. Ventricular dysrhythmias
B. A fib-
C. Sinus brady
D. AV block
D. Take hot baths
A
Rationale: Ischemia irritates ventricles in the conduction pathways and can lead to abdominal rhythm.
he patient gets a headache after nitroglycerin — what would be the best approach the nurse should say?
A. Stop the med
B. Throw pills away
C. Headache is expected — use acetaminophen
D. Take 2 pills next time
C
Rationale: Vasodilation causes headache and it is not dangerous.
Chronic bronchitis sign and symptom remark:
A. Productive cough for months
B. Chest pain only
C. High fever
D. Productive cough for months
D
Rationale: Chronic mucus production or hypersecretion
Why is an anticoagulant given to a client with atrial fibrillation?
A. Improve contractility
B. Treat chest pain
C. Lower blood pressure
D. Prevent stroke
D
Rationale: A-fib forms atrial clots →and it makes the pt at a high stroke risk.
Key teaching with steroid inhaler?
A. Take double doses
B. Rinse mouth after use
C. Use only with albuterol
D. Hold breath 30 seconds
Correct: B
Rationale: Prevent oral thrush.
Primary action of statins?
A. Raise HDL
B. Thin blood
C. Low LDL
D. Remove plaque
C
Rationale: Statins cut LDL formation (bad cholesterol).
If pt comes in on the UC with a persistent cough on lisinopril. What’s the nurse step?
A. Stop immediately
B. Triple dose
C. Take at night
D. Notify provider to switch to ARB
D
Rationale: ACE cough → usually switch meds.
What is an expected effect of nebulizer treatment:
A. More wheezing
B. Lower heart rate
C. Easier breathing
D. Increased coughing only
C
Rationale: Opens airways
Which finding indicates worsening heart failure?
A. Clear lungs
B. Weight loss
C. Flat neck veins
D. New crackles
D
Rationale: Crackles means fluid is going back into the lungs and resulting into pulmonary fluid buildup.
Purpose of corticosteroids in COPD:
A. Kill bacteria
B. Increased CO2 retention
C. Reduce inflammation
D. Replace oxygen
C
Rationale: Steroids lower airway swelling and preventing flare-ups
Concerning sign in a client at risk for PE?
A. Mild edema
B. Calf pain that stops with rest
C. Low-grade fever
D. Sudden SOD
D
Rationale: Sudden dyspnea = possible pulmonary embolus (blood clot in the vein).
If a pt is on warfarin and has INR 5.4. What is the plan of care the nurse should approach with?
A. Give vitamin K
B. Increased dose
C. No action
D. Add aspirin
A
Rational: INR is dangerously high
What is the remark the nurse should check with pt with Post-thoracentesis critical:
A. Signs of pneumothorax
B. Blood pressure
C. Appetite
D. Urine color
A
Rationale: Lung can collapse after fluid removal of the procedure.
Post–cardiac catheterization priority?
A. Encourage walking
B. Apply heat compression
C. Give fluids only at bedtime
D. Check distal pulses (includes pulses away from the insertion site)
D
Rationale: Watch for artery occlusion.( bc the artery insertion process can cause that, or form a clot in the site)
Key oxygen safety rule:
A. Turn off during meals
B. Stores tanks in the bed
C. Keep away from flames
D. Use oils while wearing cannula
C
Rationale: Oxygen fuels fires.
Expected effect of nitroglycerin for angina (chest pain)?
A. Increased afterload
B. Decreased chest pain
C. Bronchospasm
D. Bradycardia
B
Rationale: Vasodilation reduces workload of the heart or myocardial oxygen demand.
Client on furosemide reports muscle weakness. What lab do you check?
A. Sodium
B. Platelets
C. Calcium
D.Potassium
D
Rationale: Loop diuretics waste K⁺ if not pt can be having hypokalemia (low potassium levels) which can lead to muscle weakness .
Purpose of pancreatic enzymes in Cystic fibrosis (CF):
A. Improve oxygenation
B. Replace insulin
C. Help digest food
D. Reduce mucus
C
Rationale: CF blocks pancreatic ducts make it harder for enzymes to reach the gut.