Microscopes
What type of microscope uses beams of electrons instead of light to view specimens?
electron microscope
What are the three main components of the cell theory?
1) Cells are the basic unit of life
2) All living things are made of cells
3)Cells come from other cells
What process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane?
Osmosis
What is the term for the theory that life can arise from non-living matter?
Spontaneous generation or abiogenesis
The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy is called what?
Photosynthesis
Frogs and Salamanders belong to what group, whose name means "both kinds of life"?
amphibians
Name the microscopy technique that allows scientists to see the structures inside living cells.
Staining, fluorescence
Who helped disprove the concept of spontaneous generation through his experiments?
Redi or Pasteur
What is the main difference between active and passive transport?
Active requires energy, passive does not, direction
Name one experiment that provided evidence against the theory of abiogenesis.
Swan neck flask and beef broth - Pasteur
Maggot and meat - Redi
The first mammal cloned was what type of animal?
Sheep (Dolly)
Jonas Salk developed a vaccine for what disease in 1955?
Polio
What is the primary advantage of using a confocal laser scanning microscope over a traditional light microscope?
Better detail and more magnification
How does the discovery of viruses challenge the traditional cell theory?
They do not have all of the requirements of life
Explain the significance of the surface area to volume ratio in relation to cell size.
High surface area to low volume allows a cell to be efficient
How did the work of Louis Pasteur contribute to our understanding of spontaneous generation?
Disproved it by showing that bacteria come from the air not beef broth
Humans have how many chromosomes?
46
Canis lupus familiaris is more commonly known as what?
Dog
Who is credited with the discovery of the cell using a microscope?
Robert Hooke
Explain the significance of Robert Hooke's observations in the development of cell theory.
Coined the term cell, saw micro-organisms for the first time
How do guard cells regulate the gas exchange in plants?
Open and close to allow gases to enter and exit as needed
Describe the Miller-Urey experiment and its significance in the study of the origins of life.
Showed that the building blocks of life could be synthesized so that scientists can study how life arises
What chemical gives leaves their green color?
Chlorophyll
Paleontology is the study of what?
Fossils
How did advancements in microscopy contribute to our understanding of the cell membrane's structure?
Allowed us to see the surgace
What is the role of Schleiden and Schwann in the formulation of the cell theory?
Discovered some of the organelles in plant and animal cells and proposed the cell theory
Describe the process of endocytosis and provide an example of its function.
Cell membrane surrounds and engulfs something and brings it inside
What are some modern theories regarding the origin of life that challenge the idea of abiogenesis?
Some scientists support the RNA world hypothesis, which suggests that the first life was self-replicating RNA. Others favor the metabolism-first hypothesis, placing metabolic networks before DNA or RNA. Simple organic compounds might have come to early Earth on meteorites.
What is the term for the creation of light by living organisms?
Bioluminescence
Sharks and rays have skeletons made of what material?
cartilage