Millim
answer 3 of 5:
הכא
הכי
נמי
אתמר
הרי אלו שלו
here
this
also
it was stated
behold these are his
what is a siman
an identifying mark used to return a lost object
יאשו שלא מדעת
לא הוי יאוש
why does אביי say יאוש שלא מדעת is not considered יאוש
the owner didn't give up yet
הפקר and יאוש
yeush is not doing willingly, He gives up hope and it becomes available.
Hafker is a decision to intentianally get rid of something
answer 5 of 7
פליגי
תא שמע
אתא לקמיה
תניא
מאי טעמא
דומיא
כוותיה
similar to
we learned in a braisa
what's the reason
come and hear
he came in front of
they argue
what is terumah
a mitzvah to give 1/50th of your produce to the kohen
before the owner gave up זוטו של ים
you can keep it
what's סימן עשוי לידרס and why should that impact whether you keep/announce the אבידה?
a siman that is likely to be stepped on. If the owner thinks the siman will be destroyed, he'll give up. If not, he won't.
דרך הינוח and דרך נפילה
נפילה = it fell
הינוח = the owner placed it there
answer 7 of 9
אם תמצא לומר
שעתא
ספק
רשות
הא לאו הכי
כיצד
תרי
כגון
ודאי
מפני
if you want I can say
a time
a doubt
permission
but without this
how is it
two
for example
for sure
because
what is shlichus
agency - when a person acts in place of someone else
כלי אנפוריא
you can only return it to a talmid chacham who is trustworthy
why is it a chiddush for רבא to say יאוש שלא מדעת is considered יאוש?
because it's saying we consider something in the future to already exist in the present
הוה אמינא and מסקנא
A הוה אמינא is what the גמרא thought in the beginning
A מסקנא is what the גמרא concludes
answer all 8
אית
לית
מהו
רוב
אזלינן
מודה
קתני
איכא למימר
there is
there isn't
what's the din
majority
we go
admits
there is to say
what is a דיוק
something we can infer from the way text is written
רבי שמעון בן אלעזר
return it by רוב כנענים but not by רוב ישראל
Explain why an object with an identifying mark does not need to be returned in 3 of these scenarios
tons of people
that object is in circulation
overflowing river
siman will be trampled
someone will take
everyone has it
gone from everyone
owner thinks it will be gone even though siman is still here
flax fiber next to barrel and fruit next to basket
flax fiber would leave residue and apples might not according to rav zvid
answer all 10
הכא
הכי
התם
אית
לית
תניא
משמיה
ואם לאו
משמיה
הא לאו הכי
here
this
there
there is
there isn't
we learned in a braisa
in the name of
and if not
but without this
what is lifnim mishuras hadin
going beyond the letter of the law
AND מדה AND מנין AND משקל AND
ALL ARE CONSIDERED סימנים
Explain why a סימן הבא מאליו:
1) might be a good סימן
2) might not be a good סימן
1) if the owner is aware of it, he will not give up
2) if the owner is not aware of the siman, he can't use it
(give a practical difference) אבידה מדעת and זוטו של ים
By זוטו של ים it is lost from the whole world. You can keep it even if it had a סימן and the owner doesn't give up, just because the פסוק says so.
An אבידה מדעת is when the owner intentionally gives up on it, even if it had a סימן.