Carbohydrates
This is the most common monosaccharide and is an essential source of energy for cells.
What is glucose?
These building blocks are the monomers that make up proteins.
What are amino acids?
These are the main components of cell membranes, made up of a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail.
What are phospholipids?
These are the monomers that make up nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
What are nucleotides?
For patients with Type 1 diabetes, nurses should monitor blood glucose levels and administer this hormone when necessary.
What is insulin?
This polysaccharide is the primary component of plant cell walls, providing structural support.
What is cellulose?
The bond that links amino acids together in a protein chain.
Answer: What is a peptide bond?
This type of lipid is used for long-term energy storage in animals.
What are triglycerides?
This type of nucleic acid stores genetic information in cells.
What is DNA?
In patients with protein malnutrition, nurses should prioritize this type of nutrition to help restore muscle mass.
What is high-protein nutrition or supplements?
This disaccharide is commonly found in milk and is made up of glucose and galactose.
What is lactose?
The three-dimensional structure of a protein that determines its function is called this level of structure.
What is the tertiary structure?
This category of lipids includes cholesterol and hormones like estrogen and testosterone.
What are steroids?
The nitrogenous base that pairs with adenine in DNA.
What is thymine?
For a patient diagnosed with hyperlipidemia, nurses should educate on reducing intake of these dietary components to lower cholesterol levels.
What are saturated fats and trans fats?
This storage form of carbohydrates is found in the liver and muscle tissues of animals.
What is glycogen?
This protein found in red blood cells is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.
What is hemoglobin?
This process converts unsaturated fats into saturated fats by adding hydrogen atoms.
What is hydrogenation?
This process involves copying DNA to RNA, which then leads to protein synthesis.
What is transcription?
When managing a patient with lactose intolerance, nurses should recommend avoiding this group of food products.
What are dairy products?
This reaction combines monosaccharides to form disaccharides and polysaccharides by removing water.
What is a dehydration synthesis reaction?
These proteins speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed in the process.
What are enzymes?
This lipid molecule acts as a precursor for vitamin D synthesis in the human body.
What is cholesterol?
This type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
Patients with genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis often require these enzyme supplements to aid in lipid digestion.
What are pancreatic enzymes?