Social Status
This refers to a person’s position in society, often based on wealth, occupation, or education.
The expected behavior attached to a particular social position.
role
Two or more people interacting with shared goals.
group
Everyday customs, like shaking hands, are considered this type of norm.
folkways
Behavior that violates social norms.
deviance
People with higher social status often have more of this, allowing them to influence rules and norms.
power
When a student is also an employee, they may experience this type of conflict between expectations
role conflict
One key function of a group leader in a social setting is to do this, helping maintain order and guide member behavior.
enforcing group norms and guiding behavior
Norms that carry moral significance, like honesty, are called these.
mores
this theory argues that people learn deviant behavior through interactions with others.
differential association theory
In a caste system, social status is described as this type of status, meaning it is assigned at birth.
ascribed status
The difference between role strain and role conflict is that role strain occurs within one role, while role conflict occurs between these
multiple roles
Groups often establish these informal rules to guide member behavior.
norms
Breaking these norms, such as committing a crime, often results in formal punishment.
laws
This theory suggests deviance is created when society applies labels to individuals.
labeling theory
When individuals move up or down the social hierarchy, this type of mobility occurs.
social mobility
Why does role conflict occur?
because individuals hold multiple roles with competing expectations.
the distinction between primary and secondary groups lies in whether relationships are personal or this.
impersonal
Norms considered so sacred that violating them is unthinkable are called these.
taboos
This perspective explains deviance as the result of a gap between cultural goals and the means available to achieve them.
strain theory
Unequal distribution of resources and prestige reinforces social order through institutions like education and law.
institutionalized inequality
Conflicting role expectations in modern society (e.g., gender roles vs. workplace roles) can destabilize this.
social order
This term refers to a set of expectations for behavior within a group, shaping how individuals act in relation to others.
group role
folkways, mores, laws, and taboos collectively maintain this in society.
social stability
both formal and informal social controls work together to regulate deviance and maintain this.
social order