Key Terms
The rebirth of art, culture, and learning in Europe beginning in Italy.
Renaissance
Painter of the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
Leonardo da Vinci
This movement challenged the authority of the Catholic Church
Protestant Reformation
This invention helped spread ideas across Europe
printing press
John Locke
A government in which a ruler holds total power.
absolute monarchy
German monk who wrote the 95 Theses.
Martin Luther
The Enlightenment thinkers emphasized this over faith or tradition. The Enlightenment is also called the Age of __________.
reason
This monarch in France built the Palace of Versailles
Louis XIV
Women's rights
Mary Wollstonecraft
The method of careful observation and experimentation developed during the Scientific Revolution.
scientific method
Scientist who was arrested for supporting heliocentric theory.
Galileo Galilei
Scientists like Copernicus and Galileo supported this model of the universe
heliocentric theory
This absolute monarch modernized and westernized Russia. Also outlawed beards
Peter I / Peter the Great
Montesquieu
The right to rule given by God, often claimed by monarchs.
divine right
French philosopher who believed in separation of powers.
Montesquieu
Thinkers who supported reform and reason during the 18th century were called this.
philosophers
Term for a major change.
revolution
Voltaire
The sale of these by the Catholic Church sparked Martin Luther’s protests.
indulgences
Russian ruler known as an “Enlightened Despot
Catherine the Great
During this time period, new discoveries and inventions in astronomy led to this change in thinking.
Scientific Revolution
The Enlightenment idea that government should protect citizens’ rights and can be changed if it doesn’t.
Social contract
Social Contract
Rousseau