Ano Ba Talaga Tayo
This section presents the general problem and specific questions that a study seeks to answer.
Statement of the Problem
Students are classified according to their favorite learning platform: YouTube, Google Classroom, or TikTok. What level of measurement is used?
Nominal
This variable is considered the proposed predictor in a research framework.
Independent Variable
A researcher defines academic resilience according to its meaning in published literature rather than describing how it is measured. What type of definition is used?
Conceptual Definition
Researchers determine the current level of disaster preparedness among senior high school students without introducing any treatment. What research design is appropriate?
Descriptive Research Design
A study specifies its variables, respondents, research locale, and time frame. What research concept is being described?
Scope of the Study
Respondents rate school cleanliness as Poor, Fair, Good, Very Good, or Excellent. What level of measurement is used?
Ordinal
A researcher uses an established theory to support a study about classroom participation. What framework is being used?
Theoretical Framework
A researcher combines the findings of several studies, explaining their similarities, differences, and overall implications. What process is demonstrated?
Synthesis
Researchers investigate whether students' daily screen time is significantly associated with their reading comprehension scores. No variables are manipulated. What design is used?
Correlational Research Design
Researchers intentionally exclude Grade 11 students because their study focuses exclusively on Grade 12. What concept is demonstrated?
Delimitation
A researcher records classroom temperatures in degrees Celsius. Differences are meaningful, but zero does not mean an absence of temperature. What level of measurement is used?
Interval
A researcher illustrates the proposed relationship between two variables using labeled boxes and a connecting line. What is this representation called?
Conceptual Paradigm
Students answer a questionnaire using Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree, and Strongly Agree. What response scale is being used?
Likert Scale
A researcher identifies 750 eligible students but gathers data from only 150. What do we call the 150 participants?
Sample
A study seeks to determine whether parental support is associated with student resilience. What type of quantitative research question is appropriate?
Correlational Research Question
A researcher records the number of pages students read each week. Zero means no pages were read, and 40 pages is twice 20 pages. What level of measurement is used?
Ratio
A hypothesis states that there is no significant relationship between school belongingness and learner engagement. What type of hypothesis is this?
Null Hypothesis
Two intact sections are compared after one receives a new teaching strategy. Students are not randomly assigned to groups. What research design is used?
Quasi-experimental Research Design
Researchers need representation from different academic strands. They divide the population by strand and randomly select individual respondents from each. What sampling technique is used?
Stratified Random Sampling
Researchers randomly assign students to treatment and control groups, manipulate the teaching strategy, and compare learning outcomes. What design is demonstrated, and what feature distinguishes it from quasi-experimental research?
True Experimental Design — random assignment to groups
A researcher assigns codes 1, 2, 3, and 4 to students' academic strands. Since numbers are used, can the researcher conclude that the data are ordinal? Identify the correct level and explain.
No. Nominal — numbers are only category labels and do not establish ranking.
A researcher writes: “There is a significant relationship between teacher support and motivation, and between peer support and academic engagement.” The statement involves two independent and two dependent variables. What classification of hypothesis applies based on the number of variables?
Complex Hypothesis
Researchers randomly choose a starting number and select every seventh name from a complete student list. What sampling technique is used?
Systematic Random Sampling
Researchers randomly select four entire classroom sections and include all students in those sections. Another group randomly selects students from every strand. Identify both sampling techniques in order.
Cluster Random Sampling; Stratified Random Sampling