Economic & Political Developments in Latin America
What was the main economic model used in Latin America after WWII?
Import Substitution Industrialization - ISI
What was the main reason the U.S. intervened in Latin America during the Cold War?
To prevent the spread of communism
What major agreement between Mexico, the U.S., and Canada was signed in 1994 to encourage free trade?
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
Who was the leader of the Cuban Revolution?
Fidel Castro
Name one political movement that emerged in response to economic struggles in Latin America.
land reform movements in Mexico
What was the purpose of the Alliance for Progress, introduced by the U.S. in the 1960s?
It was a U.S. aid program aimed at reducing poverty and preventing communism in Latin America.
What was the outcome of the Mexican Revolution of 1910-1920?
The establishment of a constitutional government and land reforms
What was the role of the U.S. embargo on Cuba after 1962?
It aimed to isolate the Cuban economy and pressure the government, but it also strengthened Castro’s anti-U.S. stance
How did the debt crisis of the 1980s affect Latin American economies?
It led to economic recessions, IMF interventions, and the adoption of neoliberal policies
What was the name of the 1904 policy that allowed the U.S. to intervene in Latin American countries to protect its interests?
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
How did the Zapatista uprising in 1994 challenge the Mexican government, and what were their main demands?
The Zapatistas (EZLN), a leftist Indigenous movement, opposed neoliberal economic policies, demanded land reform and Indigenous rights, and criticized the effects of NAFTA on rural farmers.
What was the significance of the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961?
It was a failed CIA-backed attempt to overthrow Castro, which strengthened his position and pushed Cuba closer to the USSR