Court Cases
Fought for racial segregation laws that occurred in public schools, more specifically target towards making students feel inferior
Brown vs. The Board of Education
Women's legal laws towards having an Abortion in the U.S, more importantly allowing them to have that choice & not surrender it
Roe vs. Wade
Dealt with article 1 section 8, Necessary & Proper Clause and lead to being one of the most important cases regarding federal power
McCulloch vs. Maryland
The 3 main branches that all connect one way or another. Some do have more power over the other branches but still have certain restraints to them
Legislative, Executive & Judicial Branch
Legal briefs submitted by a "friend of the court" utilized to influence a court's decision by raising additional points of view. they present information that doesn't contain briefs of the formal parties
Amicus Curiae
Student's Rights to freedom of Speech in public schools, whether it be a sort of symbolic as long as there was no interruption of learning
Tinker vs. Des Moines
Prayer in public schools would be a violation of the First Amendment
Engel Vs. Vitale
Federal courts could hearing certain cases could lead to the violation of the Equal Protection Clause( 14th Amendment )
Baker vs. Carr
This is tied to the first original 13 states of the U.S. those that signed the Constitution on behalf of themselves and their people
Article Vll Ratification
Idea or point of view that Constitution should be interpreted according back to the original intentions or meaning of the Framers. Many people on the conservative side support this view.
Original Intent (Originalism)
Being able to worship freely would be above forcing a student to attend school, not having them to sacrifice or be caught in a ultimatum
Wisconsin vs. Yoder
What year did this case pass a law prohibiting gun possession in local school zones. It was found under the Commerce Clause & Congress rewrote it's initial law
1995, U.S. vs. Lopez case
the Supreme Court established that gives the right for criminal defendants who are unable pay for their own lawyers are appointed an attorney on the state's behalf
Gideon vs Wainwright
The State and Congress both have power on this subject if needed. Future generations are able to adjust or tweak the Consitution
Article V Amendment
Judges dealing decisions w/ small policy making roles and hold off to legislatures whenever possible.
Judges go with bold policy decisions, going as far as creating new constitutional ground.
(two answers)
Judicial Restraint & Judicial Activism
" Pentagon Papers " case that would defend the 1st Amendment which allowed the right of restrain to the press's right to publish.
New York Times vs. United States
Overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson regarding racial segregation within public school's and lead in a step towards civil rights
Marbury vs. Madison
Funded independent political broadcasts for a candidate elections don't have a limit, it would be a violate of the 1st Amendment.
Citizens United vs. FEC
the states & federal government relationship(republican form of gov.)protects the nations people from foreign or domestic violence. all the states are equal to each other,they shall respect each other’s laws & judicial decisions made by other state court systems.
Article IV The States
The two courts where one took over after the year 1969 and changed from a liberal to conservative type of court( along with other ideals and ways of leading their court room
Warren & Burger Court
The "Clear & Present danger" test which would track/ limit an individual's freedom of speech ( 1st Amendment )
Schenck vs. U.S.
Protected the 2nd Amendment where people are able to bear arms for their self defense and was rightfully part of the constitution
McDonald vs Chicago
Case that addressed the limits of gerrymandering in presence of creating a majority-minority congressional districts
Shaw vs. Reno
In the U.S. Constitution, all laws made from it are the "supreme Law of the Land," all officials(members of the state legislatures, Congress, judiciary, or executive branch) have to swear an oath to the Constitution.
Article VI Debts, Supremacy, Oaths
The federal agency that collects court statistics, monitors federal courts' budget, and performs multiple administrative/programmatic functions.Supervised by Judicial Conference of the United States.
Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AO)