Evolution Theories
This naturalist is best known for his theory of evolution by natural selection and published "On the Origin of Species."
Who is Charles Darwin?
This term describes the ability of bacteria to survive and grow despite the presence of antibiotics, leading to significant challenges in treating bacterial infections.
What is antibiotic resistance?
This branching diagram represents the evolutionary relationships among various species, illustrating how they have diverged from common ancestors.
What is a cladogram?
This phylum includes simple, multicellular organisms such as sponges, which are characterized by their porous bodies and lack of true tissues.
What is Porifera?
This term refers to the two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body and lungs, while the lower chambers pump blood out to the lungs and the rest of the body.
What are the atria and ventricles?
This scientist proposed the idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics, suggesting that organisms can pass on traits acquired during their lifetime.
Who is Jean-Baptiste Lamarck?
These circular pieces of DNA found in bacteria can carry genes that confer advantageous traits, such as antibiotic resistance, and can be transferred between bacteria.
What are plasmids?
An individual with two different alleles for a particular gene is referred to as this, which can influence the expression of traits.
What is a heterozygote?
Known for their stinging cells called nematocysts, this phylum includes jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones.
What is Cnidaria?
This type of circulatory system, found in vertebrates, includes a heart, blood vessels, and blood that circulates to transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.
What is a closed circulatory system?
Known for his work in geology, this scientist argued that the earth's features were shaped by gradual processes over time, influencing Darwin's thinking on evolution.
Who is Charles Lyell?
Bacterial cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; instead, they have a simpler structure that includes this rigid outer layer that provides protection and shape.
What is the cell wall?
These variants of a gene determine specific traits and can be dominant or recessive, influencing how characteristics are expressed in an organism.
What are alleles?
This phylum includes marine organisms such as sea urchins, starfish, and octopuses, which are known for their radial symmetry and ability to regenerate lost body parts.
What is Echinodermata?
This muscular part of a bird's digestive system grinds food, often with the help of small stones, allowing for the breakdown of hard seeds and grains before the food moves to the intestine.
What is the gizzard?
This British naturalist independently formulated a theory of evolution through natural selection, prompting Charles Darwin to publish his findings.
Who is Alfred Russel Wallace?
This process allows bacteria to exchange genetic material through direct contact, contributing to genetic diversity and the rapid spread of traits like antibiotic resistance.
What is conjugation?
This type of gene expression occurs when a dominant allele masks the effect of a recessive allele, leading to the dominant trait being displayed in the phenotype.
What is a dominant gene?
This diverse phylum includes arthropods like crabs, butterflies, and snails, characterized by jointed legs and exoskeletons.
What is Arthropoda?
This type of heart structure, commonly found in fish, consists of one atrium and one ventricle, allowing blood to flow in a single circuit from the heart to the gills and then to the rest of the body.
What is a two-chambered heart?
This ancient Greek philosopher proposed early ideas about the classification of living organisms and their potential for change over time, laying groundwork for later evolutionary theories.
Who is Aristotle?
This asexual reproduction method allows bacteria to divide and replicate their genetic material, resulting in two identical daughter cells.
What is binary fission?
In genetics, this term describes a gene that must be present in two copies (homozygous) for its trait to be expressed in the phenotype.
What is a recessive gene?
This phylum is characterized by segmented bodies and includes earthworms and leeches, playing important roles in soil health and ecosystems.
What is Annelida?
This term refers to the similarity in structure or function between different species that arises from a common ancestor, often used as evidence for evolutionary relationships.
What is homology?