Mitosis vs Meiosis
This process produces two identical daughter cells
mitosis
DNA replication occurs during this phase of the cell cycle.
S-phase of Interphase
DNA is located here in eukaryotic cells.
nucleus
The enzyme that unzips DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds.
helicase
The first step of protein synthesis where mRNA is made.
transcription
Blood type A and B are considered this type of inheritance.
codominance
You began life as a single-celled organism called this.
zygote
The scientist known as the “Father of Genetics.”
Gregor Mendel
The genetic makeup of an organism.
genotype
This type of cell division produces gametes and increases genetic variation.
meiosis
Cells grow and prepare for division during this stage.
interphase (G1, S, G2)
The monomer (building block) of DNA.
nucleotide
The strand that is copied continuously during replication.
(starts with an "L" - laid out in the 5' -3' direction)
leading
The process of using mRNA to build a protein.
translation
Blood type O has which antigens on red blood cells?
none
This process builds billions of cells from that original zygote.
mitosis
Mendel’s Law stating that alleles separate during gamete formation.
Law of Segregation
The physical traits you can observe.
phenotype
How many times does PMAT occur during meiosis?
2 x
Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell (AWAY from each other) during this phase.
Anaphase
The sides (BACKBONE) of the DNA ladder are made of these two components.
sugar and a phosphate group
The enzyme that adds complementary nucleotides to the growing strand.
"The builder."
polymerase
mRNA uses this base instead of thymine (T).
uracil (U)
The Rh factor protein is represented by this letter.
D or d
Proteins directly determine these.
traits
A cross involving two traits at the same time is called this.
dihybrid cross
A genotype with two different alleles (Aa) is described as this.
heterozygous
Homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material during this phase.
Prophase I
Cytoplasm divides during this final step of cell division.
Cytokinesis
These bonds hold complementary base pairs together.
hydrogen bonds
Replication results in two DNA molecules that are _____.
identical
The correct flow of genetic information in cells:
____ --> _____ --> _______
DNA --> RNA --> protein
What are the possible genotypes (4 letters) that could represent a person with an A+ blood type?
a) Aodd, AAdd, AADd, AAdo
b)AADd, AADD, AoDd, AoDD
c) AoDD, Aodd, AADD, AoDd
d) ABDD, Aodd, AADD, ABDd
c) AoDD, Aodd, AADD, AoDd
Why chromosomes form during cell division.
to tightly package DNA so it can be moved safely
In Mendel’s pea plants, purple flowers were _____ over white flowers.
dominant
Which genotype produces a recessive phenotype?
homozygous recessive
If the number of chromosomes in a squirrel’s skin cell is 40, how many chromosomes are in its muscle cell: a. 40 b. 20 c. 80 d. 120
a. 40
Cell division involving somatic cells is called:
Cell division involving embryonic cells is called:
mitosis
meiosis
The process of using mRNA to make a protein is called ______________
(starts with a T)
tranlsation
True or False: RNA uses ribose sugar and DNA uses deoxyribose sugar
True
Enzymes often end in what three letters:
-ase
What blood type do I have if I have the genotype:
ABdd?
AB-
AB negative
The white flowers were the dominant trait in Mendel's pea plant experiments.
false - the purple flowers were
My genotype for dimples is Dd.
D = no dimples
d= dimples
Do I have dimples?
no