Unit 7
Adjective Clauses
Adjective Clauses
Use each relative pronoun (who/which/that) once.
1. Anna, _____ is ten years old, is my sister.
2. The computer ___ I bought last week is broken.
3. I am very happy with my only laptop, ___ I bought last week.
1. Who (nonessential adjective clause - person)
2. that (essential adjective clause - thing)
3. which (nonessential adjective clause - thing)
Do these sentences need a gerund or an infinitive?
1. She seem _____ (be) a really nice person.
2. She decided ____ (wait) at the door.
3. She agreed ____ (come) today.
1. to be
2. to wait
3. to come
(Some verbs are always followed by an infinitive. This is the case for verbs like seem, decide, agree, learn, expect, deserve)
Complete each adverb clause below with the correct word(s):
1. _____ he always did well on his English tests, his parents were not surprised that he got an A.
A. When
B. Since
B. Since (Reason - Since + Clause )
Which is the INCORRECT sentence?
A) I'm sure that he knows my name.
B) He asked me if or not I knew his name.
C) I don't know when he told me his name.
B) He asked me if or not I knew his name.
Answer the question.
What would you do if you had more free time? (travel)
If I _____ more free time, I _____ a lot.
If I had more free time, I would travel a lot.
(Second conditional: If + past simple , would + base form)
In which of the following sentences, the relative pronoun is the object of the preposition?
A) The person who I met yesterday is an artist.
B) The first house that I bought had only one bathroom.
C) The person to whom I sold my computer paid me $300.
C)
A) The person who I met yesterday is an artist. (OBJECT)
B) I bought a house that had only one bathroom. (OBJECT)
C) The person to whom I sold my computer paid me $300. (OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION)
All the sentences are followed by an infinitive, EXCEPT
A) She wants him ____ (teach) the kids good values.
B) They encouraged her ____ (be) generous.
C) Her parent chose ___ (live) in Scotland.
D) Mark enjoys _____ (give) money away.
D) enjoys giving
(Some verbs are only followed by a gerund. This is the case of verbs like enjoy, imagine, appreciate, avoid, admit, advise, practice, suggest)
Complete each adverb clause below with the correct word(s):
2. You should keep the milk in the refrigerator,_______ it doesn't go bad.
A. since
B. so that
B. so that (PURPOSE - so (that) + Clause)
Which is the CORRECT sentence?
A) I wasn't sure what did Julie want to know.
B) Julie said me she wanted to know if I was Mark's girlfriend.
C) Julie asked me if I was going out with Mark.
C) Julie asked me if I was going out with Mark.
Answer the question.
If the pandemic had not happened, what would you have done to improve your English? (go to Britain)
If the pandemic ____ , I ____ to improve my English.
If the pandemic had not happened, I would have gone to Britain to improve my English.
(Third conditional)
Use each word only once (whose, where, when)
1. I lived in a house ___ I couldn't have a pet.
2. There was a time ____ I couldn't afford to buy a car.
3. The house ___ owner I don't know is for sale.
1. Where (place)
2. When (time)
3. Whose (possession)
Complete the conversation with used to, be used to or get used to + the verb in base form or gerund.
A: Do you think it's hard for Bill Gates to give away money?
B: I don't think so. He's been doing it for a long time. So I think he _____ (give) away a lot of money.
A: Do you think it's hard for Bill Gates to give away money?
B: I don't think so. He's been doing it for a long time. So I think he's used to giving away a lot of money.
(Be used to and get used to are followed by a gerund)
Complete each adverb clause below with the correct word(s):
3. _____ he thinks he's smart, he isn't.
A. Although
B. After
A. Although (CONTRAST - C+C)
Which sentence is CORRECT?
A) "Parents should take care of their children," the speaker said.
B) The speaker said "parents should take care of their children."
C) The speaker told the parents that children should take care.
A) "Parents should take care of their children," the speaker said.
Answer the question.
Where will you go at the weekend, if you aren't too busy? (go to see my friend)
If I _____ too busy next weekend, I _____ .
If I am not too busy next weekend, I will go to see my friend.
(First conditional)
Use each indefinite pronoun only once (something/anybody/everything) .
1. _____ I learnt at school was useful.
2. _____ who listens to his music loves it.
3. ____ you told me yesterday was very important, but I forgot it.
1. Everything
2. Anybody
3. Something
Complete the conversation with used to, be used to or get used to + the verb in base form or gerund.
A: Don't you think the story about Dawson is strange?
B: Why?
A: He had a lot of money, but he continued to drive his old car.
B: Well, he ____ (drive) his old car. So it wasn't a problem for him.
A: Don't you think the story about Dawson is strange?
B: Why?
A: He had a lot of money, but he continued to drive his old car.
B: Well, he _was used to driving_ his old car. So it wasn't a problem for him.
(Be used to and get used to are followed by a gerund)
Which of the underlined words is incorrect?
He spoke slowly because she would understand.
A) spoke
B) slowly
C) because
D) would
C. because (to indicate purpose we use "so that" - because is used to indicate reason)
Which sentence is INCORRECT?
A) My mother said to me that monsters don't exist.
B) My father told me to eat all the veggies.
C) My sister asked me to not take her clothes without permission.
C) My sister asked me not to take her clothes without permission.
(My sister told me not to take her clothes without permission)
Answer the question.
If you had not decided to study English, what language would you have chosen instead? (French)
If I ____ to study English, I ____ instead.
If I hadn't decided to study English, I would have chosen French instead.
(Third conditional)
Choose the three INCORRECT sentences.
1. The person who tablet I bought didn't use it anymore.
2. I found almost everyone I wanted to buy at the new mall.
3. Google which was founded in 1998 is a popular search engine.
4. The computer she just bought has a lot of memory.
5. Most people have heard of Steve Jobs, whose name is associated with Apple computers.
6. I sold some things taking up space in my closet.
1, 2, 3 are incorrect.
1. The person who tablet I bought didn't use it anymore. (Incorrect - Whose is needed instead of "who")
2. I found almost everyone I wanted to buy at the new mall. (Incorrect - everything is the correct indefinite pronoun)
3. Google which was founded in 1998 is a popular search engine. (INCORRECT - "which was founded in 1998" is a nonessential adjective clause, it needs to be separated with commas.)
4. The computer she just bought has a lot of memory. (CORRECT - essential clause/relative pronoun can be omitted)
5. Most people have heard of Steve Jobs, whose name is associated with Apple computers. (CORRECT)
6. I sold some things taking up space in my closet. (CORRECT - descriptive phrases can start with a gerund / contraction of "they were taking up...")
Choose the three CORRECT sentences.
1. His mother wanted him to help others.
2. David was too poor to finishing school.
3. Going to colleges in the US is expensive.
4. He doesn't like to go shop.
5. I used to spending my money on candy when I was a kid.
6. It was hard for Mindy to get used to living in the city, but now she loves it.
1, 3, 6 are correct
1. His mother wanted him to help others. (CORRECT - want is followed by an object and an infinitive)
2. David was too poor to finishing school. (INCORRECT - after adjectives we use an infinitive - TO FINISH)
3. Going to colleges in the US is expensive. (CORRECT - a gerund can be the subject of a sentence)
4. He doesn't like to go shop. (INCORRECT - Go shopping)
5. I used to spending my money on candy when I was a kid. (INCORRECT - Used to is followed by a verb in base form - used to spend)
6. It was hard for Mindy to get used to living in the city, but now she loves it. (CORRECT - we use "get used to -ing verb to indicate that a custom has changed)
Choose the three INCORRECT sentences.
1. Because of the weather, she couldn't get home on time.
2. I'll let you know so I come back.
3. In spite of the fact that difficult, they didn't lose hope.
4. Unless you don't study diligently, you'll never understand trigonometry.
5. Even if it is late, call me if you need me.
6. She was so happy that she cried.
1. Because of the weather, she couldn't get home on time. (Correct - Because of is followed by a noun - reason)
2. I'll let you know so I come back. (INCORRECT - instead of "so" a time expression is needed - after)
3. In spite of the fact that difficulties, they didn't lose hope. (INCORRECT - In spite of the fact that is followed by a clause )
4. Unless you don't study diligently, you'll never understand trigonometry. (INCORRECT - Unless you study diligently, you'll never understand trigonometry. )
5. Even if it is late, call me if you need me. (CORRECT)
6. She was so happy that she cried. (CORRECT - so adjective that)
Which is the CORRECT sentence?
A) I know what she is a good student.
B) She told me she wanted to go home.
C) I can't decide should I let my daughter get her driving license.
B) She told me she wanted to go home.
What do you wish you could have done when you were younger?
What do you wish you had right now?
1. I wish I could have ____ when I was younger. (wish about the past)
2. I wish I had ____ right now. (wish about the present)