Review Weeks 1 and 2

Neurons

100

What is the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse called?

Threshold

200

Which part of the neuron is the insulation for the moving electrical pulse?

Myelin Sheath

300

Kesha has just begun taking a new drug named BXY79 that produces side effects like muscular rigidity and tremors. Based on this information, Kesha's drug may be an (agonist OR antagonist) for what neurotransmitter?

Antagonist for Dopamine

400

According to the ____ law, a neuron fires an action potential at only one level of intensity.

The all-or-nothing law

500

Opiate drugs bind onto the same receptor sites as the body's own endorphins. Therefore, opiate drugs tend to have what effect on the body?

Relieve Pain

The Brain

100

The ____ nervous system mobilizes the body when one needs to exert tremendous energy (such as flee from an attacker).

Sympathetic

200

The brain structure that appears to play a vital role in the regulation of temperature regulation, hunger, thirst, and sexual motivation is what?

The Hypothalamus

300

Van has had difficulty sleeping since he took a hard hit to his head in a football game this fall. Van has MOST likely sustained damage to what part of his brain? a.medulla. b.hypothalamus. c.cerebellum. d.reticular formation. e. brain stem

Reticular Formation

400

Electrical stimulation of its lateral hypothalamus causes an animal to overeat and become obese. Therefore, we would expect that lesioning(damaging) the lateral hypothalamus would produce what effect?

Loss of appetite and loss of weight

500

Imagine that you have stumbled across a secret laboratory where an evil scientist is conducting unauthorized brain research. By altering brain structures, he has created superheroes who have specialized powers or abilities. One of these superheroes has a fantastic memory and is able to remember new information almost instantly. In this case, one of the brain structure that the scientist MOST likely altered would be what part?

The Hippocampus

Perception and the Eye

200

What is the difference between Sensation and Perception?

Sensation is the actual way you sense a stimulus, while Perception is how your brain makes sense of it.

300

During the months when there is a large amount of pollen in the air, your hay fever severely affects your sense of smell. At the same time your food all seems to taste the same. Explain the implications of this. (Bonus if you know the actual name of the phenomenon!)

The senses are connected and the effectiveness of one can effect another. Called Sensory Interaction

400

Part One: Karlie is always told that she has beautiful eyes. To which part of her eye are people most likely to be referring when they tell her this? Part Two: What is the purpose of this part of the eye? (Must get both to get the points!)

The iris, regulates the amount of light let in.

500

Rachel can see things that are close to her very clearly, but things that are far away are often fuzzy. 1. Rachel most likely suffers from what vision impairment? 2. What is the physiological cause of this impairment? Must get both to get the points!

1. Nearsightedness (myopia) 2. The eye is too long so that the light/images don't quite reach the retina

Cognition

100

A methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems.

Algorithm

200

When the word "oat" is changed to the word "boat," what happens to the number of: 1. Phonemes 2. Morphemes

1. Phonemes increase by one 2. Morphemes stay the same

300

College students routinely underestimate how much time it will take them to complete assigned course projects. This best illustrates the impact of what problem in judgement? A)the availability heuristic. B)framing. C)functional fixedness. D)overconfidence. E)the representativeness heuristic.

Overconfidence

400

Because she believes that boys are naughtier than girls, Mrs. Zumpano, a second-grade teacher, watches boys more closely than she watches girls for any signs of misbehavior. Mrs. Zumpano's surveillance strategy best illustrates: A)the availability heuristic. B)functional fixedness. C)the framing effect. D)confirmation bias. E)the representativeness heuristic.

Confirmation Bias

500

A single, memorable case of welfare fraud has a greater impact on estimates of the frequency of welfare abuse than do statistics showing that this case is actually the exception to the rule. This illustrates that judgments are influenced by the: A)framing effect. B)availability heuristic. C)confirmation bias. D)belief perseverance phenomenon. E)representativeness heuristic.

Availability Heuristic

Learning

100

The diagram below illustrates      UCS----------UCR      CS-----------CR A)insight. B)escape training. C)classical conditioning. D)instrumental conditioning. E)avoidance training.

Classical Condition

200

The desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment involves: A)latent learning. B)delayed reinforcers. C)secondary reinforcement. D)partial reinforcement. E)extrinsic motivation.

Extrinsic Motivation

300

If a light is dimmed before a person's eye the pupil will dilate.  If a sequence of events is established in which a bell is rung, the light is dimmed and the pupil dilates, the pupil will eventually dilate with just the ringing of the bell. If this happens, the light dimming is called the A)unconditioned response. B)conditioned stimulus. C)unconditioned stimulus. D)associative stimulus. E)conditioned response.

Unconditioned stimulus

400

Andre is participating in a psychology study.  He is sitting alone in a room and every few seconds a bright light flashes in front of him. When the light flashes, he blinks.  After a while, a phone rings right before the flash of light.  Soon, Andre blinks when the phone rings. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is the A)phone ringing. B)blinking after the ringing. C)blinking after the flash. D)room he is sitting in. E)flash of light.

The phone ringing

500

Explain the difference between Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning

In classical conditioning, there is an immediate, unconditioned response that happens first. In Operant Conditioning there is no immediate response, only a learned one through reinforcement or punishment.