A circulatory system in which blood is confined to vessels and is kept separate from the interstitial fluid.
What is a closed circulatory system?
100
A form of defense common to all animals that is active immediately upon exposure to pathogens and that is the same whether or not the pathogen has been encountered previously.
What is innate immunity?
100
The antibodies those with blood type A possess.
What is B antibodies?
100
What an antigen receptor attaches to.
What is a B cell?
100
An increased concentration of nitric oxide within a vascular bed is associated with this.
What is vasadilation?
200
Blood pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxed.
What is diastolic pressure?
200
Vertebrates only; recognition of traits specific to particular pathogens, using a vast array of receptors.
What is adaptive immunity?
200
The antibodies those with blood type B possess?
What is A antibodies?
200
The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart.
What is fish?
200
A protein secreted by plasma cells (differentiated B cells) that binds to a particular antigen; also called immunoglobulin. All antibodies have the same Y-shaped structure and in their monomer form consist of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains.
What is an antibody?
300
An increase in the diameter of blood vessels cause by relaxation of smooth muscle in the vessel walls.
What is vasodialation?
300
The initial adaptive response to an antigen, which appears after a lag of about 10 to 17 days.
What is a primary immune response?
300
The antibodies those with the O blood type have.
What is A and B antibodies?
300
To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation, an organism would need this.
What is a four chambered heart?
300
The hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells, and the organ where this hormone is synthesized, are
What is erythropoietin and kidney?
400
A hormone that stimulates the production of erythrocytes. It is secreted by the kidney when body tissues do not receive enough oxygen.
What is erythropoietin (EPO)?
400
The adaptive immune response elicited on second or subsequent exposures to a particular antigen. The secondary immune response is more rapid, of greater magnitude, and of longer duration than the primary immune response.
What is secondary immune response?
400
The antibodies those with blood type AB possess.
What is none?
400
Stem cells create lymphoid stem cells, which lead to the creation of these. They are also called lymphocytes.
What are B and T cells?
400
The plasma protein in humans does this.
What is maintain the blood's osmotic pressure?
500
Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles.
What is systolic pressure?
500
Long-lasting immunity conferred by the action of B cells and T cells and the resulting B and T memory cells specific for a pathogen. This can develop as a result of natural infection or immunization.
What is active immunity?
500
The antigens those with blood type O possess.
What is none?
500
Stem cells create myeloid stem cells, which create these.
What are erythrocytes, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, platelets, and eosinophils?
500
A normal event in the process of blood clotting is this.