Initialization
This late-19th-century innovation drastically reduced transportation costs and connected national markets.
What is the railroad?
This group benefited the most from industrial expansion during the Gilded Age.
Who are industrialists/business owners?
This 1890 law aimed to limit monopolies and promote competition.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
This group sought to reform government, business, and society during the Progressive Era.
Who are the progressives?
This amendment gave women the right to vote in 1920.
What is the 19th Amendment?
This system of production emphasized efficiency, specialization, and the use of machinery.
What is mass production?
These living conditions were common for urban workers in rapidly growing cities?
What are overcrowded tenements?
This Supreme Court case weakened early attempts to regulate monopolies.
What is U.S. v. E.C. Knight?
These journalists exposed corruption and social injustice.
Who are muckrakers?
This Progressive reform improved working conditions for children.
What is child labor regulation?
These entrepreneurs dominated industries like steel and oil through vertical or horizontal integration.
Who are captains of industry (or robber barons)?
This labor response formed as workers sought better wages, hours, and conditions?
What are labor unions?
This political system involved favors exchanged for votes and support.
What is political patronage (or machine politics)?
This Progressive goal focused on expanding democracy.
What is political reform (initiative, referendum, recall)?
This president used trust-busting to regulate big business.
Who is Theodore Roosevelt?
This economic philosophy argued that government should not interfere with business practices.
What is laissez-faire capitalism?
This event demonstrated growing tensions between labor and management in the late 1800s.
What is the Pullman Strike (or Homestead Strike)?
This amendment later allowed voters to elect senators directly.
What is the 17th Amendment?
This reform targeted unsafe food and drugs.
What is the Pure Food and Drug Act?
This area showed limited success of Progressive reform efforts.
What is racial equality?
This factor most directly explains why the U.S. experienced rapid industrial growth after 1870.
What is abundant natural resources (or technological innovation / labor supply)?
This was a major negative consequence of rapid economic growth.
What is income inequality?
This term describes companies that controlled prices and eliminated competition.
What are trusts?
This group gained voting rights as a result of Progressive reforms.
Who are women?
Overall, this best describes the success of the Progressive Movement by 1920.
What is partially successful?