Vocabulary
Why is this incorrect?
“I’m having troubles understanding the theory.”
Trouble is uncountable → “having trouble understanding”
Behavioral Economics
Text
“People do not always make rational financial decisions. Behavioral economics shows that cognitive biases, such as loss aversion—the preference for avoiding losses over gaining—affect our choices. As a result, people sometimes reject beneficial opportunities because they fear potential risks.”
True/False/Note Given
Behavioral economics proves that all human decisions are irrational.
False
Fill in the blank (irregular comparative)
“Of the two candidates, Maria is __________ (far) more experienced in international law.”
Farther
When an item is sold at a lower price than usual, it is considered this.
bargain
In Task 1, this type of visual shows how numbers change over time.
a line graph
Which word is usually a verb: affect or effect?
Affect
Gig Economy
Text
“The gig economy is a labor market based on short-term contracts or freelance work rather than permanent jobs. It offers flexibility and autonomy but often lacks benefits, job security, and stable income.”
Which factor is a major disadvantage of gig work? A) Autonomy B) Income instability C) Flexible schedule
B
Fill in the blank (negative comparison)
“This year’s exam was __________ difficult than last year’s, surprisingly.”
Less
A special deal or event intended to attract customers to buy more is known as this.
promotion
In your essay introduction, this sentence explains the topic in your own words.
Paraphrase
This verb means “to be aware of something through experience or information.”
Know
Cognitive Overload
Text
“Cognitive overload occurs when the brain receives more information than it can process effectively. Constant notifications and multitasking in modern life contribute to reduced productivity and decision fatigue.”
True/False/Not Given
Cognitive overload only happens with complex tasks.
False
Sentence Correction (collective nouns)
Correct the mistake: “The team have made great progresses this season.”
The team has made great progress this season.
When your bank account balance goes below zero, you experience this.
overdraft
When summarizing a chart, you should highlight these, rather than describe every single detail.
main trends
“Only 20 ______ of students passed the test.”
Percent
Reading
Text
Behavioral economics studies how psychology influences decisions. People often prefer immediate rewards and underestimate future consequences, a bias called hyperbolic discounting. These insights help improve policies on savings, health, and the environment.
Complete the Sentence
Behavioral economics shows people may overvalue __________ rewards.
immediate
True / False (uncountable nouns with plural meaning)
“‘Hair’ is uncountable when referring to hair in general, but countable when referring to individual strands.”
True
Instead of a teacher, students provide feedback in this kind of assessment.
Peer evaluation
In Task 2, you support your ideas with these, which can be examples, evidence, or explanations.
Supporting details
This noun refers to something that contributes to a result but may not be the main reason.
Factor
Climate Policy
Text:
Carbon pricing assigns a cost to CO₂ emissions to reduce them. Governments use taxes or cap-and-trade systems. Critics warn it can hurt lower-income households, so subsidies for clean energy are often suggested.
Short Answer
Name one complementary measure to reduce harm. →
Subsidies for clean energy
Sentence Transformation (active → passive, past simple)
Active: “The committee approved the new regulations last Monday.”
The new regulations were approved by the committee last Monday.
A handmade item that truly represents its culture is often called this.
Authentic
To make your essay logical, you should connect ideas with words like “however,” “moreover,” or this.
linking phrase