Aims and Content of TRW
What are the two main receptive and productive skills included in TRW?
Reading and writing
Which approach encourages students to focus on the final written product?
Product approach or Text-based approach
What is the purpose of a pre-writing activity?
To generate ideas and prepare learners for writing.
Which type of assessment happens during the learning process?
Formative assessment
Name one digital tool that can support writing instruction.
Google Docs / Padlet / Grammarly
Why is reading considered an important source of language input for learners?
Because it exposes learners to vocabulary, grammar, and discourse patterns.
Which writing approach emphasizes drafting and revising?
Process approach or Writer-based approach
How can a teacher check comprehension during a while-reading stage?
Through gist questions, scanning tasks, matching, or note-taking.
What does SELECTING CRITERIA FOR READING TEXTS include?
READABILITY
AUTHENTICITY
SUITABILITY
RESOURCEFULNESS
USABILITY
What techniques can be used by a teacher to develop reading skills?
Question-answer technique
True/False tasks
Matching exercises
Gap-filling activities
Jigsaw reading
Think-Pair-Share
Using graphic organizers (mind maps, charts)
What are the aims of teaching writing?
to develop students’ ability to communicate effectively in written form
develop students’ language competence (grammar, vocabulary, mechanics)
improve organization and coherence of ideas
encourage creativity and critical thinking
prepare students for academic and real-life communication
What does the bottom-up approach focus on in reading?
The bottom-up approach focuses on recognizing letters, words, grammar, and sentence structure to understand a text.
Why is activating prior knowledge important before students read a text?
It helps learners connect what they already know to the new text and improves comprehension.
What does “language accuracy” assess in student writing?
It assesses correct grammar, vocabulary, and sentence use.
WHAT STRATEGIES ARE USED FOR DEVELOPING READING SKILLS?
Common strategies include:
Skimming – reading for general idea
Scanning – searching for specific information
Predicting – guessing content before reading
Inferring – understanding implicit meaning
Summarizing – identifying main ideas
What are the aims of reading?
to develop learners’ ability to understand texts effectively and independently.
developing reading comprehension
increasing vocabulary
improving reading speed and fluency
encouraging critical thinking
How does the genre approach support writing instruction?
It teaches learners language features and structure of specific text types.
What is one teacher activity during the post-reading stage?
discussion
summarizing
expressing opinions
What are 4 types of assessment criteria for IELTS writing?
Define these types of writing:
Descriptive
Expository
Narrative
Persuasive
Descriptive text creates a picture with words, using vivid language to describe people, places, things, or events. (essays and poetry)
Expository text explains or informs, by presenting facts, definitions, or processes in a clear and concise way.(news articles, and informational books)
Narrative text tells a story, and can be either fiction or nonfiction.
Persuasive text persuades the reader to agree with a particular point of view, by using evidence, logic, and reasoning to support the claims.
What is the difference between intensive reading and extensive reading?
Intensive focuses on detailed understanding; extensive focuses on general understanding and fluency.
How might a teacher use the top-down approach in a reading lesson?
A teacher might show the title or pictures and ask students to predict what the text will be about.
What is done in pre-, while-, post stages of writing lesson? Give examples
Pre-writing stage: The teacher prepares students for writing by helping them generate ideas and organize thoughts.(brainstorming ideas, teaching useful vocabulary, analyzing a model text)
While-writing stage: Students write their first draft and focus on developing their ideas. (writing sentences or paragraphs, following a structure)
Post-writing stage: Students review and improve their writing.(peer feedback, self-correction, editing grammar and vocabulary). It also involves turning WRITING into another speech skill
Why should a teacher assess both mechanics (graphics, orthography (spelling), calligraphy (handwriting)) and communicative writing (topic covering, language accuracy, coherence, cohesion, structure) in one piece of writing?
Because good writing needs both correct form (spelling, handwriting, structure) and clear communication of ideas.
Explain these methods of teaching writing.
1. Controlled writing
2. Guided writing
3. Free writing
4. Collaborative writing
Controlled writing is a method in which the teacher gives learners a very clear structure and close guidance while writing. (gap-filling exercises, sentence completion)
Guided writing gives students support through prompts, questions, pictures, or outlines, but allows more freedom than controlled writing.(writing from pictures, completing paragraph outlines)
Free writing allows students to write independently with minimal teacher control.
In Collaborative writing students work together in pairs or groups to produce one written text.