Enzymes
State the role of an enzyme in a metabolic reaction
Biological catalysts that lower activation energy and increase reaction rate.
State the purpose of cellular respiration. Write the balanced chemical equation
To release energy from organic molecules and produce ATP.
State the overall purpose of photosynthesis. Write the balanced chemical equation
To convert light energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds.
A chromatogram is used for this purpose in biological investigations.
What is identifying the components of a mixture?
Describe how temperature affects enzyme activity.
Rate increases to an optimum (kinetic energy/more collitions), then falls as the enzyme denatures.
Describe the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Aerobic uses oxygen yields more ATP, is done in the mitochondria; anaerobic does not, yields less ATP and it is done in the cytoplasm.
Describe the effect of increasing light intensity on photosynthesis.
Rate increases until another factor becomes limiting.
Explain why substrate concentration eventually stops increasing reaction rate.
All active sites become occupied; enzyme saturation is reached.
Explain why ATP is described as the cell's immediate energy source.
ATP can be rapidly hydrolyzed to release usable energy.
Name the groups/types of organisms that make photosynthesis (autotrophs)
plants, algae and cyanobacteria
Evaluate the reliability of an enzyme experiment investigating pH.
Consider controls, repeats, sample size, and measurement uncertainty.
Analyze why oxygen consumption increases during intense exercise.
Higher ATP demand increases aerobic respiration rate.
In a paper chromatography experiment, a pigment travels 4.0 cm from the origin while the solvent front travels 8.0 cm. Analyze the data to determine the pigment's Rf value.
Rf = distance travelled by pigment ÷ distance travelled by solvent front
Rf = 4.0 cm ÷ 8.0 cm = 0.50
Answer: The Rf value is 0.50.
A student argues that anabolic reactions are more important because they are responsible for growth and repair. Evaluate this statement.
The energy released from catabolic reactions is used to drive anabolic reactions, making the two processes interdependent.
State the two main carbon compounds used in cell respiration to produce ATP
What are glucose and fatty acids.
A scientist discovers a photosynthetic organism whose pigments absorb strongly in the green region of the visible spectrum but weakly in the red and blue regions. Predict how the organism would appear and evaluate how its photosynthetic activity would differ from that of a typical green plant.
Red or blue. Its photosynthetic activity would be greatest under green light, unlike typical plants, which photosynthesize most effectively under red and blue light.