Cell Differentiation and specialisation
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What is the cell cycle?
The stages a cell undergoes to divide in two
Wat are stem cells?
An undifferentiated cell that can produce more cells of the same type.
What are meristem cells used for?
Protect against extinction and mass production of plants.
What is cell differentiation
The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
What is the difference between the cell cycle and mitosis?
Mitosis- where cells divide, is one stage of the cell cycle.
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What are adult stem cells used for?
Treat leukaemia.
A cell is specialised what does this mean?
That the cell has specific features to perform its function
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Define pluripotent.
A stem cells that can become any cell in the animal or plant.
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What are differentiated cells used for?
Growth and Repair
How many pairs of chromosomes does a cell contain
23
What are embryonic stem cells used for?
Paralysis and diabetes.
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Compare when plants and animals cells differentiate
Animal cells differentiate at an early stage but plant cells retain this ability for their entire lifetime.
Describe the process of mitosis
the chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell
spindle fibres pull them apart to opposite ends of the cell
membranes form around each of the sets of chromosomes. These become the nuclei of the 2 new cells. The nucleus has divided
the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide
What is therapeutic cloning?
An embryo is produced with the same genes as the patient. Stem cells from the embryo can be used in medical treatments as they will not be rejected by the body.
Describe the events of the cell cycle that need to occur before mitosis can begin
DNA spread out into long spindle fibres
the number of subcellular structures such mitochondria and ribosomes grow and increase
the DNA is duplicated and forms X shaped chromosomes