Homeostasis
What is the definition of homeostasis?
The maintenance of a stable internal environment.
What does the endocrine system use to send signals?
Hormones
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
Which part of the neuron receives signals from other cells?
Dendrites
Which receptor detects light?
Photoreceptors
Which two body systems mainly maintain homeostasis?
Nervous and Endocrine
How do hormones travel through the body?
Blood stream
What are the two main components of the central nervous system (CNS)?
Brain and spinal cord
What is the main function of a neuron?
A neuron carries electrical messages (nerve impulses) around the body.
What type of receptor detects chemicals, such as in taste and smell?
Chemoreceptors
What is the difference between negative and positive feedback in homeostasis?
Negative feedback reverses a change to return conditions to normal; positive feedback amplifies a change.
Name 1 hormone produced by the pancreas and its function.
Insulin (lowers blood glucose)
What parts make up the peripheral nervous system?
Everything other than the brain and spinal cord
Which part of the neuron carries electrical signals away from the cell body?
Axon
Which receptor detects changes in pressure, vibration, or touch?
Mechanoreceptors
What mechanisms does the body use to regulate temperature.
Sweating and vasodilation when hot, shivering and vasoconstriction when cold.
How does the endocrine system differ from the nervous system in terms of speed and duration of response?
Endocrine responses are slower but longer-lasting; nervous responses are fast and short-lived.
What is the difference between motor and sensory neurons?
Sensory neurons carry signals to the CNS (sensory), while motor neurons carry signals away from the CNS (motor).
What is the role of the myelin sheath?
The myelin sheath insulates the axon and helps the electrical signal travel faster.
Which type of receptor detects temperature changes?
Thermoreceptors
Explain how the body maintains blood glucose levels after eating a high-sugar meal.
The pancreas releases insulin, which stimulates cells to take up glucose and the liver to store it as glycogen.
Explain how the hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together to regulate hormone release.
The hypothalamus detects changes and releases hormones that signal the pituitary, which then releases hormones to regulate other glands.
Outline the path of a reflex arc from stimulus to response.
Stimulus → receptor → sensory neuron → interneuron in spinal cord → motor neuron → muscle/gland.
Draw and label a neuron.
Dendrite, Axon, Axon terminal, Nucleus, Myelin Sheath, Nucleus
Teacher Judgement
Explain how thermoreceptors in the skin contribute to homeostasis.
They detect temperature changes and send signals to the hypothalamus, which triggers responses like sweating or shivering.