MAJOR NUTRIENTS
2 foods that contain starch
1 Roots and stem vegetables such Potatoes, yam, tapioca
2 Cereals such as wheat, Rice, oats
3 Bananas
Name the nutrient obtained from beta carotene.
Vitamin A
1 example of oily fish
Salmon; sardine; fresh tuna; mackerel; grouper
Define grilling.
dry-heat cooking where heat is applied directly to the food without any liquid such as oil or water.
- heat radiating from a grill or a glowing metal grid
Explain balanced meal
Provides all the different food groups of MHP
2 health problems caused by high sugar intake
1 It can cause tooth decay and gum disease
2 It can cause obesity
3 It can cause diabetes mellitus (diabetes type 2)
A lack of folate can lead to...
1 example of crustacean
Mollusc - clams, oysters, mussels
Crustaceans - crab, lobster, prawns
Define steaming.
moist heat cooking whereby food is cooked by hot water or steam
pressure cooker, steaming is more efficient because the steam is produced at a high pressure and a high temperature. This will reduce the time needed to steam the food
What does economical mean when planning meals?
Economical meals should not be costly. Value for money. Cheap but still nutritious.
1 To ensure healthy growth of the body and the repair of worn-out parts
2 To ensure that chemical reactions for the normal functioning of the body can be carried out
3 As a source of energy
4 To work with vitamins and minerals to fight against diseases / for better immune system
2 functions of iodine
It is essential for the production of thyroxine.
It promotes the general growth and development
3 points to look for when buying fish
1 The fish should not have an unpleasant smell
2 The flesh of the fish should be firm and moist
3 The eyes of the fish should be full and not sunken
4 The gills should be bright red
5 There should be plenty of scales on a scaly fish and the scales should be intact
Heat transfer in grilling and steaming
Grilling - radiation
Steaming - convection
Who are the possible members that make up a family
Adults, Children, teenagers, elderly
2 examples of HBV proteins
1 Meat
2 Seafood
3 Poultry
4 Cheese
5 Soya bean
2 functions of folate
1 It is important in the manufacturing of new cells and genetic materials (DNA)
2 It is important for the release of energy from amino acids
3 Works with vitamin B12 and iron to produce red blood cells
State two uses of batter.
1 To coat fish/chicken/prawns/fruit/vegetables which are to be deep fried
2 To bind separate pieces of meat into one piece for frying
3 To minimise the loss of nutrients
Compare the similarities of grilling and steaming
Both cooked by convection.
Both are healthy methods.
Both are suitable for tender meat.
Groups that require special nutritional needs in a family
children, teenagers and elderly
What happens to excess protein in the body?
Excess proteins are partially converted to fats and stored in the body as a form of energy reserve.
OR
The rest of the excess proteins are removed from the body in the form of by-products such as urea
2 functions of salt in the body
1 it help to regulate the movement of fluids into and out of the body cells
2 Chloride in salt required for production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach
3 needed for the control of nerves and muscles
Ways to improve colour, flavour and texture of steamed white fish.
Add slices of red chilli and spring onions for colour.
Marinate the fish using herbs and spices for flavour.
Add slices of crunchy vegetables for texture.
Contrast the differences between grilling and steaming.
Grilling
Grills are hot before they are used and the food to be grilled is greased with fats to prevent it from charring
- food is turned periodically to enable it to cook evenly and to prevent the loss of juices
- cooks food quickly as long as the temperature is right
- grilling, Maillard browning enhances the flavours and aroma of the food. The food will also turn golden brown
Steaming
food does not have to be turned regularly
prevents the loss of nutrients and is a healthy way of cooking as no is used
- food become lighter and easier to digest. Food that is hard is soften
- steaming does not always produce food that looks and tastes as delectable as grilling
- takes a longer time to cook
Suggest 3 economical ideas in meal planning
more economical to cook meals than to dine out.
Prices of food should be compared before the food is purchased. Eg. house brands are more economical compared to regular brands
Purchasing some food items in bulk such as rice might be more economical.
analyse different alternatives and substitute for particular types of food