Math
the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of figures that remain unchanged under rotation, reflection, or translation
What is geometry?
the innovation that replaced vacuum tubes and enabled computers to become smaller, faster, and more reliable in the 1950
What is the transistor?
the fundamental addressable unit of memory in most modern architectures, typically consisting of eight bits
What is a byte?
the component responsible for executing arithmetic and logical operation
What is ALU?
a system that continuously observes a process and reports deviations from expected behaviour
What is a monitoring system?
the geometric figure formed by all points at a fixed distance from a given point in a plane
What is a circle?
The law stating that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every two years
What is Moore's law?
volatile memory that provides low-latency access for executing processes and is erased when electrical power is lost.
What is RAM?
the architectural design in which both program instructions and data share the same memory and data path
What is the von Neumann architecture?
the component that issues corrective actions based on analysed data
What is an actuator?
the measure of the amount of space enclosed within a three-dimensional object
What is volume?
the architectural principle that stores both data and program instructions in the same memory space
What is the von Neumann architecture?
non-volatile memory that permanently stores firmware required to initialise hardware during system startup
What is ROM?
the cycle that describes how a processor retrieves and executes an instruction
What is fetch-execute cycle?
the delay between detecting a system state and responding to it
What is latency?
the constant ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter
What is π ?
the Cold War–era project that led to the creation of the first packet-switching network, a direct predecessor of the Internet
What is ARPANET?
the condition in which a file is stored in non-contiguous blocks across a storage medium, reducing access efficiency
What is fragmentation?
refers to the ability of a processor to execute multiple instructions simultaneously
What is parallel processing?
a feedback mechanism that automatically adjusts system output to maintain stability
What is a feedback loop?
a triangle that has at least two sides of equal length
What is an isosceles triangle?
the theoretical device proposed in 1936 that formalised the concept of an algorithm and laid the foundations of modern computer science
What is the Turing machine?
the type of transistor used in USB flash memory cells that stores data by trapping electrical charge.
What is floating gate MOSFET?
the mechanism that coordinates communication between hardware components via shared pathways
What is system bus?
an actuator type that generates motion by means of pressurised liquid, allowing precise control of large forces in heavy industrial applications
What is a hydraulic actuator?