Absolutism
What IS Absolutism?
When a ruler has absolute power
Who is not an Enlightenment thinker: Rosseau, Locke, Voltaire, or Obama?
Obama
What does "revolution" mean?
A sudden change in political authority
What was the main cause of the "Glorious Revolution" in England?
A Catholic King (James II) ignored the parliament and appointed Catholics to important government positions. This outraged the English people, because the majority of them were Protestant.
Why did the American Colonists rebel against the British?
Taxation without representation!
True or false: Most absolute monarchies ended by the 18th century
false
According to Thomas Hobbes, what kind of ruler do people need, and why?
People need an absolute ruler because we are naturally greedy and selfish and can not be trusted to rule ourselves
What are THREE major factors that lead to revolutions?
economic inequality, political oppression, social injustice, corrupt government, external influence, and differing beliefs
True or False: England remained Catholic after the Glorious Revolution.
False
What caused the Haitian Revolution?
Haiti was a slave colony of the French.
What are the two types of absolute monarchies and what do they mean?
Hereditary - your family has ruled, so you inherited the rule.
Divine Right - God grants the king/queen the power and right to rule.
What are the three "Natural Rights" according to John Locke?
Life, liberty, and property
Who is known as the "Great Liberator" in Latin America?
Simon Bolivar
What were the "Three Estates" in France?
What was the result of the Haitian Revolution?
Haiti overthrew the French slaveowners and established the Republic of Haiti
Which absolute ruler, nicknamed the "Sun King," persecuted Protestants, and taxed the third estate to fund wars against the English?
King Louis XIV
What is the "Social Contract" according to Rousseau?
The agreement people make with their governments. People obey the laws from the government, and the government in turn protects their rights.
Which revolution was the only revolution to be relatively peaceful, ending with a "bloodless coup"?
The Glorious Revolution (English Civil War)
How did the geography of Russia impact Napoleon's Russian Campaign?
The size of the land caused the campaign to take much longer than expected. When the winter came, it caused 500,000 of Napoleon's 600,000 soldiers to die or go AWOL.
What were Mestizos?
People of mixed native Latin American and European ancestry.
Which Russian King westernized Russia and implemented reforms that helped his people?
Peter the Great
They both believed the people needed a monarchy. However, Hobbes wanted an absolute monarchy, while Locke wanted a constitutional monarchy
What are the FIVE revolutions we talked about this semester?
English, American, French, Haitian, Latin American
What was the result of the French Revolution?
The revolution was eventually ended by Napoleon Bonaparte, who then made himself into a military dictator.
What are the three main causes of the Latin American revolutions?
Enlightenment thinkers, the other revolutions in contemporary history, and mistreatment of native populations