Events (Both Revolutions)
1904 - 05 conflict whose defeat exposed state weakness & fuelled unrest at home.
What is the Russo-Japanese War?
His Compte rendu au roi (1781) misled public opinion about France’s finances.
Who is Jacques Necker?
The philosopher of popular sovereignty, the Social Contract and the idea of the general will.
Who is Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
The mass councils of workers and soldiers that became key political actors in 1917.
What are the Soviets?
This historian argues that the Bolsheviks did not seize power; they picked it up.
Who is Adam Ulam?
August 1917 incident that showed Provisional Government weakness & boosted Bolshevik influence.
What is the Kornilov Affair?
The organiser of the Red Army and a key military leader in the Civil War.
Who is Leon Trotsky?
Bolshevik policy of state controlled industry & grain requisitioning during the Civil War.
What is War Communism?
Social group that did all the work & paid all the taxes.
Who is the Third Estate?
This historian argues that from the very beginning, violence was the motor of revolution.
The lists of complaints presented to the Estates-General in 1789.
What are the Cahiers de Doléances?
A peasant from the small village of Pokrovskoye, in Russia, born in 1869.
Who is Rasputin?
Concept that a disciplined, professional party to lead the working class to revolution.
What is the Vanguard Party?
The 1921 rebellion that forced the Bolsheviks to adopt the NEP.
What is the Kronstadt Rebellion?
This historian argues the Flight to Varennes entirely reshaped the lives of some in France.
Who is Timothy Tackett?
Rural event of spontaneous violence, stopped by the Night of Patriotic Delirium.
What is the Great Fear?
Bolshevik who campaigned for women’s rights, communal childcare and social reform.
Who is Alexandra Kollontai?
Enlightenment thinker who urged “crush the infamous thing,” criticising the Church’s power.
Who is Voltaire?
The 1917 spontaneous mass protest period blamed on the Bolsheviks.
What are the July Days?
This historian stresses Lenin’s pragmatic compromises & role in consolidating Bolshevik rule.
Who is Robert Service?
Uprising in June 1788 in the Valence region where people on roofs and streets attacked royal authority.
What is the Day of Tiles?
The minister who warned “the first gunshot will drive the state to bankruptcy” before 1778.
Who is Turgot?
The political condition in 1917 between Nicholas’ abdication & the October Revolution.
What is Dual Authority?
Newly formed citizen force commanded by Lafayette after July 1789.
What is the National Guard?
This historian states that the France of 1799 was fundamentally different to 1789.
Who is Peter McPhee?