Scientific Revolution
Age of Enlightenment
Industrialization
Global Trade
Key Terms
100
A fundamental change in the way people studied the natural world. The new scientific ideas were based on observation, evidence, and reason.
Scientific Revolution
100
The division of power between multiple parts of a government. For example, the United States has a separation of powers between the executive, judicial, and legislative branches.
Separation of Powers
100
Period during which significant technological developments caused the economy to shift dramatically from being agricultural and artisan-based to relying on manufactured products. It began in Great Britain and spread throughout the world.
Industrial Revolution
100
An economy in which the production of crops and livestock is the primary basis of economic activity.
Agricultural Economy
100
The right of the citizens of a country to control that country's politics.
Popular Sovereignty or Social Contract?
Popular Sovereignty
200
A testable, possible explanation for a scientific problem.
Hypothesis
200
What was the separation of powers, and with whom did it originate?
Originated from Montesquieu. Governments divided into separate, equally powerful branches.
200
Red
200
An individual who buys goods or services.
Consumer
200
A term used to describe an institution or idea that is not related to religion or spirituality.
Secular
300
An English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights and that if a leader fails to protect those rights, the people can remove that leader and choose another. These ideas directly affected political revolutions of the late 1700s.
John Locke
300
Blanket term for philosophies rooted in the ideas of political freedom and equality. _________ usually includes support for open elections, democracy, and human rights.
Liberalism
300
Which of the following modern movements created new types of jobs for workers and made it easier for factories to produce large quantities of new products?
Industrial or Scientific
Industrial
300
A business, owned by stockholders, that is a legal entity with rights to buy and sell and to make contracts.
Corporation
300
The British mathematician and physicist who developed the theory of gravity, which he published in the book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy.
Isaac Newton
400
A Polish astronomer who defied the Catholic Church by publicizing his theory that the sun, not the Earth, is at the center of the solar system.
Copernicus or Francis Bacon?
Copernicus
400
What two events helped lead to the Enlightenment?
Protestant Reformation and Scientific Revolution
400
In the 1800s the American economy shifted from one based on __________ to one based on industry and manufacturing.
agriculture
400
An economic system in which economic decisions are made through the free behaviors of businesses and individuals rather than through governments.
free enterprise system
400
An economic system in which economic decisions are made through the free behavior of businesses and individuals rather than governments. Also referred to as the free enterprise system.
Capitalism
500
An English philosopher whose theory of the social contract calls for an all-powerful government that restrains people's worst impulses.
Thomas Hobbes
500
What were John Locke's basic ideas?
Natural rights, popular sovereignty, consent of the people
500
The American inventor of the electric lightbulb and the phonograph, among many other things.
Thomas Edison
500
A business that is owned by stockholders. Each stockholder owns a certain number of shares in the company, which allows for unequal ownership.
Joint Stock Company
500
A period during the 1700s marked by an emphasis on rationality and reason in philosophy, government, and science.
Enlightenment