People
Proposed that all men have three natural rights - life, liberty, and property - that must be protected by the government.
Who is John Locke?
The first female professor of physics at the University of Bologna.
A cosmological model that places the sun at the center of the solar system. Proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus.
What is the heliocentric theory?
A cosmological model that places the Earth at the center of the solar system.
What is the geocentric theory?
An Enlightenment document that declared the American colonies to be independent from Great Britain. Also declared American colonists had natural rights, including life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Written by Thomas Jefferson.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
Proposed that governments should prevent tyranny through separation of powers - dividing the government into three branches (executive, legislative, and judicial).
Who is Baron de Montesquieu?
The third of John Locke's natural rights. "Life, liberty, and _____."
What is property?
John Locke's theory that a government must protect the natural rights of its citizens. If it does not, then that government is no longer legitimate.
What is political contract?
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution that protect certain rights of American citizens. Heavily influenced by the Enlightenment.
What is the U.S. Bill of Rights?
An astronomer who discovered and named eight comets. Her accomplishments were overshadowed by those of her brother during her lifetime.
Who is Caroline Lucretia Herschel?
An enlightened absolute monarch who ruled Austria and allowed both freedom of the press and true religious toleration.
Who is Joseph II of Austria?
A type of monarchy in which the ruler has complete power.
What is absolute monarchy?
The first step of this process is to observe and ask a question.
What is the scientific method?
An Enlightenment document from the French Revolution that proposed certain rights for French citizens, including liberty, property, safety, and resistance to oppression.
An Enlightenment philosopher and feminist who argued for increased legal and educational rights for women.
Who is Mary Wollstonecraft?
An enlightened despot who ruled Russia and allowed herself to be inoculated against smallpox in order to promote its safety and efficacy.
Who is Catherine the Great?
A method of thinking that uses specific observations to draw general conclusions.
What is inductive reasoning?
A type of monarchy in which the ruler's power is limited by law.
What is constitutional monarchy?
Isaac Newton's groundbreaking work that details his laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation.
What is Principia Mathematica?
Proposed that when pressure is applied to liquid in a confined space, that pressure will transmit equally regardless of where it is applied.
Who is Blaise Pascal?
The radical leader of the Jacobins during the French Revolution whose policies contributed to the Reign of Terror.
Who is Maximilien Robespierre?
Rousseau's political concept arguing that citizens must work together to agree on laws and the equal protection of rights.
What is a social contract?
The first digital calculator.
What is the Pascaline machine?
Who wrote the book A Dialogue Concerning Two Chief World Systems that confirmed Copernicus' heliocentric theory?
Who is Galileo?