Big Brain Enlightenment
This English philosopher argued that all people are born with "Natural Rights," specifically life, liberty, and property.
Who is John Locke?
This 1776 document used Enlightenment ideas to explain why the American colonies were "ghosting" King George III.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
He was the formerly enslaved general who led the Haitian Revolution to a shocking victory against France.
Who was Toussaint L'Ouverture?
This process of people moving from rural farms to crowded factory cities is the "U-word" of the 1800s.
What is urbanization?
This country is the most successful example of rapid, state-sponsored industrialization in the 19th century.
What is Japan?
This French thinker believed the best way to prevent tyranny was to divide government into three separate branches.
Who is Montesquieu?
This practice was the primary economic cause of the American and Latin American revolutions, where colonies could only trade with their mother country.
What is mercantilism?
This group of European-descended elites born in the Americas led most of the Latin American revolutions.
Who are the creloes?
James Watt refined this "MVP" invention of the Industrial Revolution, allowing factories to exist away from rivers.
What is the steam engine?
This was the name of the period where Japan "restored" its Emperor and modernized its entire society.
What is the Meiji Restoration?
This term describes the "unwritten agreement" where people give up some freedom to a government in exchange for protection.
What is the Social Contract?
In the French "Three Estates" system, this group made up 98% of the population but paid 100% of the taxes.
What is the Third Estate?
Known as "The Liberator," he dreamed of a united "Gran Colombia" in South America.
Who is Simon Bolivar?
This British "Movement" involved fencing off common lands, forcing farmers to find work in city factories.
What is the Enclosure Movement?
This "Sick Man of Europe" tried to modernize with the Tanzimat Reforms but struggled with debt and internal resistance.
What was the Ottoman Empire?
This is the specific "Right" that monarchs claimed allowed them to rule because God supposedly chose them.
What is Divine Right?
This 1789 event in Paris saw a mob storm a medieval prison, marking the violent start of the French Revolution.
What was the Storming of the Bastille?
Haiti was forced to pay this "Independence Debt" to this country, crippling its economy for over a century.
These organizations were formed by workers to go on strike and demand better pay and shorter hours.
What are labor unions?
China’s failed attempt to adopt Western technology while keeping traditional Confucian values ended when Great Britain won this conflict.
What were the Opium Wars?
This French satirist was the ultimate "Free Speech" warrior, famously saying he’d defend your right to say things he hated.
Who is Voltaire?
This five-man executive body ruled France after the Reign of Terror but was so weak it allowed Napoleon to take over.
What was the Directory?
These were the Spanish-born officials who held the top government jobs in the colonies, much to the anger of the Creoles.
Who are the Peninsulares?
The system of production used before the Factory System (when people would work out of their homes)?
What was Cottage Industry?
This 1804 legal code spread Enlightenment principles like equality before the law across the areas Napoleon conquered.
What was the Napoleonic Code?