Enlightenment
published in 1776, this might be referred to as the "Bible" of captalism, or free enterprise
What is the Wealth of Nations?
Ethnic nationalism caused major tension in this part of Europe by the late 1800s/early 1900s
What are the Balkans and/or the Austro-Hungarian Empire?
Often called the "turning point of the AMREV" because Louis XVI agrees to aid the American rebels
What is the Battle of Saratoga?
radical clubs/factions that believed the only possible response to "counter-revolutionaries" was to "destroy them"
Who are the Jacobins?
the first major (ultimately successful) revolution/independence movement in Latin America, it was led by those who literally "started at zero" (no economic, social, or political power)
What is the Haitian Revolution/War of Independence?
In these works, Locke lays out his idea of the social compact as an agreement between subjects & their rulers - subjects are req. to obey the rulers so long as the rulers protect their natural rights
Realpolitik in your own words
What is "the end justify the means", "do what you have to do to get the job done", etc.?
How the Declaration of Independence shows the influence of Lockean political thought
What is emphasis on natural rights, social compact, and popular sovereignty?
the event that is typically considered the start of the French Revolution, 14 July 1789
What is the Storming of the Bastille?
written by Bolivar during his Caribbean exile, it laid out a justification for the Creole Revolutions then taking place in Latin America
What is the Jamaica Letter?
Montesquieu's describes his thoughts on separation of powers in this work
What is the Spirit of Laws?
The final war of German unification, stimulated an extreme anti-German nationalism in France that contributed to the start of WWI over time
What is the Franco-Prussian War?
Besides separation of powers, one other Enlightenment idea/ideal found in the US Constitution of 1787.
What is popular sovereignty/consent of the governed?
This legislative body's achievements in the moderate phase included the drafting of the 1791 Constitution & The Declaration of the Rights of Man & the Citizen
What is the National Assembly?
the liberator of Argentina, Chile, and (with some assistance) Peru
Who is San Martin?
When the early French Revolutionaries "forgot" about women, this feminist author published the Declaration of the Rights of Women & the Female Citizen
Who is de Gouges?
After 350 years of Ottoman occupation, the Greeks win their independence in the 1820s with help from these THREE European powers
Who are Russia, France, and England?
the first national US plan of govt, it did not contain a mechanism for enforcing national law
What is the Articles of Confederation?
these two series of wars (on/off from 1792-1815) helped spread "revolutionary" notions of nationalism & liberalism throughout Europe
What are the French Revolutionary & Napoleonic Wars?
1759 novel in which Voltaire ridicules religion, theologians, governments, armies, philosophies, and philosophers (pretty much everything and everyone)
What is Candide?
An example of a state/empire that tried to INCREASE NATIONALISM by DOWNPLAYING ETHNIC & RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCES
What is the Ottoman Empire?
Term used to describe the autonomy enjoyed by the American colonies prior to the mid-1760s
What is salutary neglect?
The government established following the Thermadorian Reaction, it was constantly under threat from monarchists & radicals, and was finally overthrown in a coup d'etat that included Napoleon in 1799
What is the Directory?
asked for autonomy within the Spanish Empire, but not complete independence in the 19th century (name of movement & place of origin)
What is the Propaganda Movement & the Philippines?