Key figures
This revolutionary leader is often referred to as the "Liberator" of Latin America.
Who is Simón Bolívar?
This 1825 movement sought to free Latin American countries from European colonial rule.
What is the Latin American Revolutions?
The desire for independence and self-rule among colonies is often referred to as this.
What is nationalism?
This feeling led to the unification of Italy and Germany in the 19th century.
What is nationalism?
This country unified in 1861, largely due to the efforts of Cavour and Garibaldi.
What is Italy?
He was the main architect behind the Congress of Vienna and sought to restore the balance of power in Europe.
Who is Klemens von Metternich?
This congress, held in 1815, aimed to restore order and prevent future conflicts in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars.
What is the Congress of Vienna?
Economic inequality and the influence of Enlightenment ideas were significant causes of this revolution led by Simon Bolivar and other leaders in Latin America.
What are the Latin American Revolutions
Following independence, political instability in Latin America often led to the rise of these strong local leaders, who held power through force and influence.
What is a caudillo?
The German states were united under this king, who became the first Kaiser of Germany.
Who is Wilhelm I?
This Italian nationalist known as the "Sword" helped unite Italy through military force.
Who is Giuseppe Garibaldi?
The proclamation of the German Empire marked the unification of German states under the rule of this Prussian king.
Who is King Wilhelm I?
The widespread influence of these ideas fueled revolutions across Europe and Latin America in the 19th century.
What are Enlightenment ideas?
The weakening of this empire in the 19th century was largely due to rising nationalist sentiments among its diverse populations.
What is the Ottoman Empire?
Before gaining independence, Haiti was a colony primarily controlled by this European country, whose exploitation led to a major slave-led revolution.
What is France?
This Prussian chancellor was instrumental in the unification of Germany through a series of wars.
Who is Otto von Bismarck?
This 1866 conflict between Prussia and Austria resulted in the formation of the North German Confederation.
What is the Austro-Prussian War?
Nationalist movements in the 19th century often aimed to challenge and reduce the power of these two empires.
What are the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires?
Nationalist uprisings in this European empire contributed to its fragmentation in the early 20th century.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire
In the 1864 Danish War, Prussia and this ally fought against Denmark to gain control of Schleswig and Holstein, marking an early step toward German unification.
Who is Austria?
This revolutionary figure led the Haitian Revolution, ultimately achieving independence from French colonial rule.
Who is Toussaint L'Ouverture?
In the final push for Italian unification, this region, protected by French forces, was annexed by Italy in 1870, allowing Rome to become the Italian capital.
What are the papal states?
The term used for the merging of cultural, ethnic, and political identity to create a unified national state.
What is national self-determination?
In response to rising nationalist tensions within the Austrian Empire, this political compromise was created in 1867, granting Hungary equal status with Austria.
What is the Dual Monarchy (or Austro-Hungarian Compromise)?
This South American nation, led by José de San Martín, played a crucial role in the independence movements against Spanish rule.
What is Argentina?