Fire Behavior
The term used to describe measurements of the physical behavior of a fire.
What is fire intensity?
Term used to describe the ecological effects of a fire.
What is fire severity?
Three attributes of a fire regime.
What are the frequency, severity, and size (or spatial pattern?
Two examples of fire adaptations that allow an individual tree to survive fire.
What are thick bark, high crown base height, protected buds, epicormic sprouting.
A common data source used for detecting fire effects.
What is satellite imagery?
The three sides of the fire behavior triangle.
What are fuels, weather, and terrain?
An example of first-order fire effects.
What are soil scorching, vegetation consumption, vegetation mortality, fuel reduction, litter/duff consumption, creating gaps, triggering regeneration.
Fire regime characterized by patches of low-, moderate-, and high-severity fire.
What is a mixed-severity fire regime?
Class of plants that do not have adaptations to survive fire that still manage to exist in fire-prone landscapes.
What is fire avoiders?
Models that rely on statistical or mathematical equations to describe an observed relationship between predictors and response variables?
What are phenomenological model?
Heat transfer via the movement of hot air masses.
What is convection?
How increasing climatic stress affects potential fire intensity.
What are decreased fuel moisture, increased flame length, reduced relative humidity, reduced resistance to damage, increased delayed mortality.
Fire suppression has had the greatest impact on ______ frequency fire regimes.
What is high?
Class of plants with fire adaptations that allow them to survive fire?
What is fire tolerators / resistors?
Models that use first-principles to describe a process.
What are process-based models? (or mechanistic)
Three attributes of surface fuels that influence potential fire intensity.
What are the amount, size, moisture, and arrangement?
What is delayed mortality, bark beetle outbreaks, fuel accumulation, erosion, regeneration.
A climate-limited fire regime.
What is infrequent, mixed- or high-severity?
Class of plants with fire adaptations that allow them to exist in fire-prone areas, even if parent individuals do not withstand fire?
What is fire responders (or resprouters / serotiny)?
What is the most fire tolerant tree species in the western US?
What are ponderosa pine, western larch, coast redwood, or giant sequoia?
Mathematical equations published in 1972 that describe the physical process of fire spread.
What are the Rothermel equations?
A phenomenon where fire activity in one area influences how fire burns in an adjacent area.
What are neighborhood (or edge) effects?
A fuel-limited fire regime.
What is frequent, low-severity?
Large, complex landscapes are resilient because they are made up of __________.
What is a shifting mosaic of patches? (or dynamic equilibrium / variety of successional states)
A fire management strategy based on minimal use of suppression tactics.
What is managed wildfire or wildland fire use?